Lab Practical Flashcards
Moss
-Gametophyte dominant
-No vascular tissue
-No seeds
-No fruit
-Needs water for fertilization
-Has pollen
-heterosporous
Ex: Bryophyta
Liverwort
-Gametophyte dominant
-No vascular tissue
-No seed
-No fruit
-Requires water for fertilization
-Has pollen
-homosporous
Ex: marchantia
Fern
-Sporophyte dominant
-Has vascular tissue
-No seeds
-No fruit
-uses water fertilization
-Has pollen
-homosporous
Ex: whisk
Algae
-Gametophyte dominant
-no vascular tissue
-no seeds
-no fruit
-uses water fertilization
-no pollen grain
-homo or heterosporous?
Ex: brown algae
Conifer
-sporophyte dominant
-has vascular tissue
-has seeds
-no fruit
-no water fertilization
-has pollen
-heterosporous
Ex: pine
Club moss
-sporophyte dominant
-has vascular tissue
-no seeds
-no fruit
-uses water for fertilization
-has pollen
-heterosporous
Ex: selaginella
Phylogenetic
Science dealing with relatedness of species
Taxonomy
Science of naming species
Cladistics
Philosophy of taxonomy based on phylogenetics
Homology
Relatedness by inheritance
Analogy
Relatedness by other factors
Monophyletic
Ancestor and all of it’s descendants
Paraphyletic
Ancestor and some but not all of it’s descendants
Evolution
Change in population over time
Hardy-Weinberg equations
P+q=1
(P+q)^2 or p^2+2pq+q^2=1
Hardy-Weinberg assumptions
- population is large
- mating is random
- no mutation
- no migration in or out
- no selection
Chi-squared equation
X^2=sigma[((observed-expected)^2) / expected]
Domains of life
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
Bacteria
No membrane bound organelles, not multicellular, binary fission, 9/10 cells in humans are bacteria, most are beneficial not harmful, three shapes:
- spirilla
- cocci
- bacilli
Pollination
When pollen makes contact with female
Fertilization
When male sperm is actually released into female
Gram positive
Pink, low peptidoglycan, membrane of lipids and polysaccharides, resist antibiotics
Gram negative
Violet, thick peptidoglycan, not resistant
Alternations of generations
Reproductive cycle of plants
