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Bio203 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

population

A

group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area at the same time

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2
Q

population ecology

A

study of how and why the number of individuals in a population changes over time

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3
Q

immigration

A

when individuals enter a population by moving from another population

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4
Q

emigration

A

when individuals leave a population to join another population

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5
Q

demography

A

the study of factors that determine the size and structure of populations through time

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6
Q

generation

A

avg. time between a mother’s first offspring and her daughter’s first offspring

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7
Q

life table

A

summarizes the probability that an individual will survive and reproduce in any given time interval over the course of its lifetime

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8
Q

survivorship

A

the proportion of offspring produced that survive, on avg., to a particular age

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9
Q

cohort

A

group of the same age that can be followed through time

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10
Q

survivorship curve

A

logarithm of the number of survivors versus age

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11
Q

fecundity

A

the number of female offspring produces by each female in a population

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12
Q

age-specific fecundity

A

the avg. number of female offspring produced by a female in age class x

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13
Q

age class

A

a group of individuals of a specific age

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14
Q

fitness trade-offs

A

a compromise between two traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously

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15
Q

life history

A

describes how an individual allocates resources to growth, reproduction, and activities or structures that are related to survival

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16
Q

intrinsic rate of increase (r max)

A

when conditions are optimal for a particular species-high birthrates & low deathrates- then r reaches a maximal value

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17
Q

Exponential population growth

A

occurs when r does not change over time

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18
Q

density independent

A

refers to any characteristic that varies depending on population density

19
Q

density dependent

A

any characteristic that does not vary with population density

20
Q

population density

A

the number of individuals per unit area

21
Q

carrying capacity (K)

A

the maximum number of individuals in a population that can be supported in a particular habitat over a sustained period of time

22
Q

logistic population growth

A

changes in growth rate that occurs as a function of population size; logistic growth is density dependent

23
Q

population dynamics

A

changes in populations through time

24
Q

metapopulation

A

a population of populations

25
Q

age structure

A

the proportion of individuals that are at each possible age

26
Q

replacement rate

A

avg. fertility required for each woman to produce exactly enough offspring to replace herself and her offspring’s father

27
Q

zero population growth (ZPG)

A

when the replacement fertility rate is sustained for a generation, r=0

28
Q

behavior

A

the response to a stimulus

29
Q

proximate causation

A

explains how actions occur in terms of the neurological, hormonal, and skeletal-muscular mechanisms involved

30
Q

ultimate causation

A

explains why actions occur based on an animal’s evolutionary consequences and history

31
Q

fixed action patterns (FAPS)

A

highly stereotyped behavior pattern that occurs in a certain way in a certain species; a form of innate behavior

32
Q

innate behavior

A

behavior that is inherited genetically, does not have to be learned, and is typical of a species

33
Q

cost-benefit analysis

A

decisions or analyses that weigh the fitness costs and benefits of a particular action

34
Q

foraging

A

when animals seek food

35
Q

optimal foraging

A

claim that animals maximize their feeding efficiency

36
Q

ecology

A

the study of how organisms interact with their environment

37
Q

community

A

consists of the species that interact with each other within a particular area

38
Q

ecosystem

A

consists of all the organisms in a particular region along with nonliving components.

39
Q

abiotic

A

“not-living” physical components that include air, water, and soil

40
Q

conservation biology

A

effort to study, preserve, and restore threatened populations, communities, and ecosystems

41
Q

biotic

A

“living” components that are members of the same or different species

42
Q

turnovers

A

(in lake ecology) the complete mixing of upper and lower layers of water that occurs each spring and fall in temperate-zone lakes

43
Q

thermocline

A

a gradient (cline) in environmental temperature across a large geographic area

Bio203 (5 decks)

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