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Anatomy and Physiology 111 > LAB PRACTICAL 1 > Flashcards

LAB PRACTICAL 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the plasma membrane/cell membrane?

A

controls what enters/exists the cell

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2
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

houses genetic material DNA

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3
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus?

A

produces ribosomes

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4
Q

what is the function of the ribosome?

A

site of protein synthesis

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5
Q

what is the function of cytosol?

A

fluid portion that surround the organelles

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6
Q

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

synthesizes glycol proteins and phospholipids

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7
Q

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

synthesizes lipids

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8
Q

what is the function of the Golgi body?

A

modifies, sorts, packages and transports proteins

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9
Q

what is the function of the Mitochondrion?

A

powerhouse, and generates ATP

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10
Q

what is the function of lysosomes?

A

digestive enzymes that breakdown molecules

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11
Q

what is the function of the centrioles?

A

help with cell division and mitotic spindle

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12
Q

what is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

network of protein filaments

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13
Q

Function: filtration, diffusion, rapid exchange of material
Location: lungs, kidney filtration membranes, lines blood vessels

A

simple squamous

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14
Q

Function: secretion
Location: kidney tubules

A

simple cuboidal

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15
Q

Function: secretion, absorption
Location: spinal cord, brain, GI tract, kidney duct

A

simple columnar

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16
Q

Function: secretion, ciliated/non-ciliated
Location: respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified columnar

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17
Q

Function: protection, 1st line of defense against microbes
Location: superficial layer of the skin, mouth, esophagus

A

stratified squamous

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18
Q

Function: stretches to accommodate changes in volume
Location: urinary bladder

A

transitional

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19
Q

simple layer

A

one layer

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20
Q

pseudostratified

A

falsely layered

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21
Q

stratified

A

many layers

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22
Q

squamous

A

flat

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23
Q

cuboidal

A

cube shaped (perfect nucleus)

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24
Q

columnar

A

tall

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25
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

single layer of flat cells, free surface at edge

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26
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube shaped cells; pink blotches with squares surrounding it

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27
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single cell dominoes; column like

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28
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

fuzzy appearance

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29
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

apical surface pink and basal surface cells

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30
Q

transitional epithelium

A

purple cuboidal

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31
Q

what are the organs of the integumentary system?

A

hair, skin, glands, nails

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32
Q

what is the function of the integumentary system?

A

external body covering, protects deeper tissue from injury, houses cutaneous receptors/sweat/oil glands, synthesizes vitamin D

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33
Q

what are the organs of the skeletal system?

A

bones and joints

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34
Q

what is the function of the skeletal system?

A

protects and supports body organs, provides framework, muscles use to cause movement, forms blood cells, stores minerals

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35
Q

what organs are part of the muscular system?

A

skeletal muscles

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36
Q

what is the function of the muscular system?

A

allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, fascial expressions, maintains posture and produces heat

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37
Q

what are the organs of the nervous system?

A

brain, nerves, spinal cord

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38
Q

what is the function of the nervous system?

A

fast acting control system of the body, responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

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39
Q

what are the organs of the endocrine system?

A

thyroid gland, pineal gland, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testes

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40
Q

what is the function of the endocrine system?

A

glands secrete hormones that regulate process such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells

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41
Q

what are the organs of the cardiovascular system?

A

heart, blood vessels

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42
Q

what is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

blood vessels, transport blood, blood vessels carry oxygen, CO, nutrients and waste, heart pumps the blood

43
Q

what are the organs of the lymphatic system?

A

red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes

44
Q

what is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

returns fluid leaked from the blood vessels to blood; disposes of debris; houses white blood cells

45
Q

what are the organs of the respiratory system?

A

lungs, air passageways, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi

46
Q

what is the function of the respiratory system?

A

blood constantly supplied w oxygen and removes CO

47
Q

what are the organs of the digestive system?

A

oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anus

48
Q

what is the function of the digestive system?

A

break down of food into absorbable units; indigestible foodstuff eliminated as feces

49
Q

what are the organs of the urinary system?

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

50
Q

what is the function of the urinary system?

A

eliminates urea waste from the body, regulates water, electrolyte, and acid base balance of food

51
Q

what are the organs of the reproductive system?

A

male: prosate gland, penis, testes, ductus gland, scrotum
female: mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube

52
Q

what is the function of the reproductive system?

A

produce offspring, produce sex hormones

53
Q

what are three components of cells?

A

plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

54
Q

four types of tissue?

A

epithelial , connective, skeletal, muscular

55
Q

superior/cephalic/cranial

A

above; towards the head or upper part of a structure

56
Q

inferior/caudal

A

below; away from the head or lower part of the structure

57
Q

anterior/ventral

A

front; front of the body

58
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

back; at the back of the body

59
Q

medial

A

nearer to the midline

60
Q

lateral:

A

farther from the midline

61
Q

proximal:

A

nearer to; nearer to point of attachment

62
Q

distal:

A

farther from; farther from the point of attachment

63
Q

superficial/external:

A

toward or on the surface of the body

64
Q

deep/internal

A

away from the surface of the body

65
Q

ipsilateral:

A

on the same side of the body

66
Q

contralateral:

A

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

67
Q

sagittal plane:

A

vertical; divides body into left and right

68
Q

mid-sagittal plane/median sagittal plane

A

sagittal plane directly down the midline (equal parts)

69
Q

parasagittal plane

A

sagittal plane offset from the midline (unequal parts)

70
Q

frontal plane/coronal plane

A

vertical; divides body into anterior and posterior portions

71
Q

transverse plane/cross section/horizontal plane

A

horizontal; divides the body into superior and inferior portions

72
Q

oblique plane

A

passes through the body on an angle

73
Q

cranial cavity

A

encases the brain

74
Q

vertebral/spinal cavity

A

runs within the vertebral column; encases spinal cord

75
Q

thoracic cavity:

A

formed by ribs, muscles of the chest. houses heart and lungs; separated into pericardial cavity; 2 pleural cavities; mediastinum

76
Q

pericardial cavity:

A

surrounds the heart

77
Q

2 pleural cavities:

A

surrounds each lung

78
Q

mediastinum:

A

cavity between lungs contains: heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and several large blood vessels

79
Q

abdominopelvic cavity:

A

extends from diagphram to the groin and is encircled by the abdominal wall and bones and muscles of the pelvis

80
Q

abominopelvic separated into two parts:

A

abdominal and pelvic

81
Q

are the abdominal cavity and pelvic separated by a membrane or wall?

82
Q

what does the abdominal cavity contain:

A

large intestine, small intestine, stomach, liver, spleen, and gallbladder

83
Q

what does the pelvic cavity contain:

A

portion of large intestines, urinary bladder, internal reproductive system

84
Q

retroperitoneal

A

organs that are external to the Iining of the abdominal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity like KIDNEYS or PANCREAS

85
Q

epithelial tissue are:

A

avascular, innervated, regenerative, make excellent barriers

86
Q

avascular:

A

contain no blood vessels

87
Q

innervated:

A

connected to the nervous system

88
Q

regenerative:

A

worn out and dead cells continually replaced

89
Q

what does connective tissue do?

A

binds, support, strengthens and Is vascular/innervated

90
Q

4 types of connective tissue are?

A

cartilage, bone, liquid connective tissue, connective tissue proper

91
Q

connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue are?

A

areolar tissue, adipose tissue, reticular tissue

92
Q

connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue are?

A

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic tissue

93
Q

cartilage tissue are ?

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

94
Q

bone tissue:

A

circles of dots around a big dot

95
Q

blood tissue:

A

white blood cells w red blood cells

96
Q

areolar tissue:

A

long purple lines/ purple dots that are cells

97
Q

adipose tissue:

A

dark honeycomb circles

98
Q

reticular:

A

KENWA millions of little dots

99
Q

dense regular:

A

fiber cells run parallel to one another

100
Q

dense irregular:

A

wavy fibers; you see more white space

101
Q

elastic

A

thick fibers

102
Q

hyaline:

A

highlight fibers within edges

103
Q

fibrocartilage:

A

ONLY BLUE ONE

104
Q

elastic cartilage:

A

sushi looking black

Anatomy and Physiology 111 (7 decks)

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