LAB PRACTICAL 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what is the function of the plasma membrane/cell membrane?
A
controls what enters/exists the cell
2
Q
what is the function of the nucleus?
A
houses genetic material DNA
3
Q
what is the function of the nucleolus?
A
produces ribosomes
4
Q
what is the function of the ribosome?
A
site of protein synthesis
5
Q
what is the function of cytosol?
A
fluid portion that surround the organelles
6
Q
what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A
synthesizes glycol proteins and phospholipids
7
Q
what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A
synthesizes lipids
8
Q
what is the function of the Golgi body?
A
modifies, sorts, packages and transports proteins
9
Q
what is the function of the Mitochondrion?
A
powerhouse, and generates ATP
10
Q
what is the function of lysosomes?
A
digestive enzymes that breakdown molecules
11
Q
what is the function of the centrioles?
A
help with cell division and mitotic spindle
12
Q
what is the function of the cytoskeleton?
A
network of protein filaments
13
Q
Function: filtration, diffusion, rapid exchange of material
Location: lungs, kidney filtration membranes, lines blood vessels
A
simple squamous
14
Q
Function: secretion
Location: kidney tubules
A
simple cuboidal
15
Q
Function: secretion, absorption
Location: spinal cord, brain, GI tract, kidney duct
A
simple columnar
16
Q
Function: secretion, ciliated/non-ciliated
Location: respiratory tract
A
pseudostratified columnar
17
Q
Function: protection, 1st line of defense against microbes
Location: superficial layer of the skin, mouth, esophagus
A
stratified squamous
18
Q
Function: stretches to accommodate changes in volume
Location: urinary bladder
A
transitional
19
Q
simple layer
A
one layer
20
Q
pseudostratified
A
falsely layered
21
Q
stratified
A
many layers
22
Q
squamous
A
flat
23
Q
cuboidal
A
cube shaped (perfect nucleus)
24
Q
columnar
A
tall
25
simple squamous epithelium
single layer of flat cells, free surface at edge
26
simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer of cube shaped cells; pink blotches with squares surrounding it
27
simple columnar epithelium
single cell dominoes; column like
28
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
fuzzy appearance
29
stratified squamous epithelium
apical surface pink and basal surface cells
30
transitional epithelium
purple cuboidal
31
what are the organs of the integumentary system?
hair, skin, glands, nails
32
what is the function of the integumentary system?
external body covering, protects deeper tissue from injury, houses cutaneous receptors/sweat/oil glands, synthesizes vitamin D
33
what are the organs of the skeletal system?
bones and joints
34
what is the function of the skeletal system?
protects and supports body organs, provides framework, muscles use to cause movement, forms blood cells, stores minerals
35
what organs are part of the muscular system?
skeletal muscles
36
what is the function of the muscular system?
allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, fascial expressions, maintains posture and produces heat
37
what are the organs of the nervous system?
brain, nerves, spinal cord
38
what is the function of the nervous system?
fast acting control system of the body, responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
39
what are the organs of the endocrine system?
thyroid gland, pineal gland, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testes
40
what is the function of the endocrine system?
glands secrete hormones that regulate process such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells
41
what are the organs of the cardiovascular system?
heart, blood vessels
42
what is the function of the cardiovascular system?
blood vessels, transport blood, blood vessels carry oxygen, CO, nutrients and waste, heart pumps the blood
43
what are the organs of the lymphatic system?
red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes
44
what is the function of the lymphatic system?
returns fluid leaked from the blood vessels to blood; disposes of debris; houses white blood cells
45
what are the organs of the respiratory system?
lungs, air passageways, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi
46
what is the function of the respiratory system?
blood constantly supplied w oxygen and removes CO
47
what are the organs of the digestive system?
oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anus
48
what is the function of the digestive system?
break down of food into absorbable units; indigestible foodstuff eliminated as feces
49
what are the organs of the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
50
what is the function of the urinary system?
eliminates urea waste from the body, regulates water, electrolyte, and acid base balance of food
51
what are the organs of the reproductive system?
male: prosate gland, penis, testes, ductus gland, scrotum
female: mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube
52
what is the function of the reproductive system?
produce offspring, produce sex hormones
53
what are three components of cells?
plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
54
four types of tissue?
epithelial , connective, skeletal, muscular
55
superior/cephalic/cranial
above; towards the head or upper part of a structure
56
inferior/caudal
below; away from the head or lower part of the structure
57
anterior/ventral
front; front of the body
58
posterior/dorsal
back; at the back of the body
59
medial
nearer to the midline
60
lateral:
farther from the midline
61
proximal:
nearer to; nearer to point of attachment
62
distal:
farther from; farther from the point of attachment
63
superficial/external:
toward or on the surface of the body
64
deep/internal
away from the surface of the body
65
ipsilateral:
on the same side of the body
66
contralateral:
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
67
sagittal plane:
vertical; divides body into left and right
68
mid-sagittal plane/median sagittal plane
sagittal plane directly down the midline (equal parts)
69
parasagittal plane
sagittal plane offset from the midline (unequal parts)
70
frontal plane/coronal plane
vertical; divides body into anterior and posterior portions
71
transverse plane/cross section/horizontal plane
horizontal; divides the body into superior and inferior portions
72
oblique plane
passes through the body on an angle
73
cranial cavity
encases the brain
74
vertebral/spinal cavity
runs within the vertebral column; encases spinal cord
75
thoracic cavity:
formed by ribs, muscles of the chest. houses heart and lungs; separated into pericardial cavity; 2 pleural cavities; mediastinum
76
pericardial cavity:
surrounds the heart
77
2 pleural cavities:
surrounds each lung
78
mediastinum:
cavity between lungs contains: heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and several large blood vessels
79
abdominopelvic cavity:
extends from diagphram to the groin and is encircled by the abdominal wall and bones and muscles of the pelvis
80
abominopelvic separated into two parts:
abdominal and pelvic
81
are the abdominal cavity and pelvic separated by a membrane or wall?
NO
82
what does the abdominal cavity contain:
large intestine, small intestine, stomach, liver, spleen, and gallbladder
83
what does the pelvic cavity contain:
portion of large intestines, urinary bladder, internal reproductive system
84
retroperitoneal
organs that are external to the Iining of the abdominal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity like KIDNEYS or PANCREAS
85
epithelial tissue are:
avascular, innervated, regenerative, make excellent barriers
86
avascular:
contain no blood vessels
87
innervated:
connected to the nervous system
88
regenerative:
worn out and dead cells continually replaced
89
what does connective tissue do?
binds, support, strengthens and Is vascular/innervated
90
4 types of connective tissue are?
cartilage, bone, liquid connective tissue, connective tissue proper
91
connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue are?
areolar tissue, adipose tissue, reticular tissue
92
connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue are?
dense regular, dense irregular, elastic tissue
93
cartilage tissue are ?
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
94
bone tissue:
circles of dots around a big dot
95
blood tissue:
white blood cells w red blood cells
96
areolar tissue:
long purple lines/ purple dots that are cells
97
adipose tissue:
dark honeycomb circles
98
reticular:
KENWA millions of little dots
99
dense regular:
fiber cells run parallel to one another
100
dense irregular:
wavy fibers; you see more white space
101
elastic
thick fibers
102
hyaline:
highlight fibers within edges
103
fibrocartilage:
ONLY BLUE ONE
104
elastic cartilage:
sushi looking black
