Chapter 3 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

know how to label the cell

A

page 63

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2
Q

know how to label plasma membrane

A

page 64

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3
Q

simple diffusion

A

nonpolar and lipid soluble substances diffuse directly through the lipid bi layer

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4
Q

which of the following would not diffuse through the plasma membrane by means of simple diffusion?

A

glucose

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5
Q

which cell component helps to maintain the structural integrity of the cell?

A

cytoskeleton

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6
Q

cytoskeleton

A

it acts as cells bones, muscles and ligaments by supporting cellular structures and providing the machinery to generate various cell movements

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7
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place?

A

Interphase

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8
Q

When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________.

A

chromatids

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9
Q

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?

A

metaphase

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10
Q

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart?

A

anaphase

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11
Q

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?

A

Telophase

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12
Q

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?

A

prophase

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13
Q

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two?

A

cytokinesis

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14
Q

A primary active transport process is one in which __________.

A

molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP

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15
Q

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____.

A

facilitated diffusion

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16
Q

The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.

A

facilitated diffusion

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17
Q

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.

A

primary active transport

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18
Q

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.

A

exocytosis

19
Q

Solutions with a higher concentration of solutes than the concentration inside the cells are __________.

A

hypertonic

20
Q

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

A

ribosomes

21
Q

After DNA replication is completed, each DNA double helix consists of ______.

A

one old parent strand and one new daughter strand

22
Q

What must happen before a body cell can begin mitotic cell division?

A

Its DNA must be replicated exactly so that identical copies of the cell’s genes can be passed on to each of its offspring.

23
Q

The plasma membrane is made primarily of ________.

A

phospholipids

24
Q

Which mechanism requires energy input by the cell in the form of ATP hydrolysis?

A

page 69 NONE OF THE MECHANISMS REQUIRE ENERGY INPUT

25
Q

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

A

swell and burst

26
Q

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

A

phagocytosis

27
Q

Lysosomes perform digestive functions within a cell.

A

True

28
Q

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

A

They are the main sites of ATP production.

29
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of cilia?

A

They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells.

30
Q

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

synthesis of the cell’s membranes

31
Q

Houses DNA and RNA.

A

nucleus

32
Q

Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.

A

nucleoli

33
Q

Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.

A

microtubules

34
Q

The actual site of protein synthesis.

A

ribosomes

35
Q

Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins

A

endoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

what is the function of the cell membrane?

A

defines extent of a cell; separating two of the bodies major fluid components. intracellular on the inside and extracellular on the outside

37
Q

what is the membrane constructed of ?

A

phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol and lipid rafts

38
Q

hydrophilic

A

water lover; polar head that is charged

39
Q

hydrophobic

A

fear of water; uncharged non polar tail

40
Q

function of the phospholipids in the membrane

A

hydrophobic heads lie on the surface of both intercellular and extracellular surface and the hydrophobic lie in the middle; self-assemble into closed generally spherical structures to reseal themselves when torn

41
Q

what is the function of glycolipids?

A

are lipids attached with sugar groups; polar; 5% of the membrane

42
Q

what is the function of cholesterol in the membrane?

A

20% of the membrane; has a polar region and a nonpolar region; it stabilizes the membrane while decreasing the mobility of the phospholipids and the fluidity of the membrane

43
Q

membrane proteins

A

allows communication with the environment