Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
What is the main structural difference observed in the cow and mare ovaries
The main structural difference between theses ovaries is the relative location of the cortex vs. the medulla. In cow cortex is on outside and in mare cortex in
How are boars housed at the swine education unit and why are they managed this way
Boars are housed individually or in group pens depending on their age and whether they display aggressive behavior towards the other boars
A piece of gauze was placed on top of the collection cup prior to semen collection. What is the purpose of the gauze
Its function is to collect the gel fraction of the ejaculate. To collect a viable ejaculate, the gauze prevents the gel fraction from entering the semen collection cup.
At what age will the NCSU swine educational unit start to use a boar’s semen for breeding
when the boar is eight months of age
Which types of gloves are used in semen collection in boars and why?
vinyl because they reduce the chance of killing sperm cells
What prevents boars from being collected using an artificial vagine
To ejaculate, boars require pressure in addition to the proper temperature. The amount of pressure on the boars glans penis can not be achieved with an artificial vagina, thus we collect via a gloved hand.
Brand name of the hormone used to induce puberty in pre-pubertal gilts
PG-600 or Matrix
Brand name of hormone used to super ovulate embryo transfer donors in cattle
FSH-P, Super-OV, FollitropinV, Gestyl
What brandname hormone controls out of season or early season breeding in mares
regulate
What hormones induce luteolysis regression in cattle
Lutylase, Prostamate
What brand name hormone increases intensity of uterine contractions during labor
Oxytocin, Pinocin
What brand name hormone treats ovarian cystic follicles in cattle
follutein and pregnyl
What brand name hormone blocks ovarian function in cattle
CIDR, MGA and Progesterone
What brand name hormone increases milk yield
Posiliac
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the Elisa kit to test pregnancy
Advantage: Determine cyclic animals, Identify short cycles, Better management of
animals estrous cycle
Disadvantage: Cost,Time, inconsistent testing, May claim an animal is pregnant
when she is not (false positives)
What are the two exogenous hormones used in the NC Synch Protocol
-GNRH-Factrel
-Prostaglandin F2a - Lutalyse
What is the length of the goat estrous cycle and when do these animals generally display estrus
- Estrous Cycle Length – 21 days
- Seasonal Breeders – display estrus in Fall
What are sign/symptoms that a doe is in estrus
- Interest in buck
- Raised tail
- Vocalizations
- Red/swollen vulva
- Sometimes mucus from the vagina is present
What is the site of semon deposition by AI and natural service in the doe
- AI – Uterine Body
- Natural Service - Vagina
What are some advantages of using artificial insemination
o Introduce new genetics
o Introduce new breeds
o Small herd and don’t want to mess with a buck
What are some disadvantages of using artificial insemination in small ruminants
-requires more labor
-more invasive
-requires more equipment`
What is the flushing effect
Increase the amount of feed prior to breeding, mostly increasing energy, about 1 month before introducing bucks. Hope to increase body weight, ovulation rate, and therefore litter size.
Must continue through breeding season and for 30-40 more days
Doesn’t work in does that are too fat (BCS 4-5) or too thin (BCS 2 or less)
What is the buck effect and how does it work
- Utiziling the buck effect to induce estrus
o Strategic exposure of does to intact males will result in the doe displaying estrus approximately 7 to 10 days after the introduction of the buck
o Bucks need to be isolated from does for this procedure to be effective
o Buck must be out of the doe’s line of sight and sense of smell for an extended period of time, perhaps as long as several months
What are some of the safety tool we use when handling stallions at the EEU
leather halter, chain, whip, helmet and vest
What type of artificial vagina is used at the equine education unit and why is the type preferred
Used to use the Colorado as it maintains temperature and pressure better; have now switched to the Missouri as it is lighter
What 2 physiological principles must the AV stimulate to achieve ejaculation in the stallion
Temperature and Pressure
What kills sperm
everything
what can we add to semen to make it last longer and stay viable during shipment? what do you think might be included in this liquid
extender….sugar, antibiotics, ect..
name 2 things we look for in semen evaluation
Color and Volume of the ejaculate
Sperm Concentration, Sperm Motility, Sperm Viability, Sperm Morphology
Write down the three variable from ejaculate collection needed to calculate total ,optical sperm
Volume:
Concentration:
Motility:
(Horses) How long is the estrous cycle? How long do they display estrus? When does pregnancy recognition take place during the estrous cycle?
21 days, 5-7 days, by day 14 or the CL will be lysed
Describe the estrous scale used at the equine educational unit. Be sure to include what number represents
0 = Violent Behavior
1 = Indifferent Behavior
2 = Slightly Interested
3 = Interested, Winking, may urinate
4 = Greatly interested, Urinating, Squatting, and will lean into stallion
Free teasing
Free teasing – Stallion comes up to fence, mares are loose
Second type of free teasing – Stallion in a small pen, mares are loose in pasture around him
In-Hand Teasing
Stallion comes up to fence, mares are walked up individually
Stall Teasing
stallion walked up down barn aisle, mares are in stalls
How often should you tease mares to determine when they are ready to breed
everyday or every other day
What are some other ways to determine if a mare is ready to be bred
palpation and ultrasound
What is the purpose of conducting a breeding soundness exam and how often should it be done? (2 pts)
The purpose is to identify bulls that are capable of breeding and to identify individuals that may be injured and unable to breed females.
A BSE should be conducted 30 to 60 days before very breeding season.
What is the main purpose of collecting heifer pelvic measuremtn
Screening tool to identify heifers likely to have calving difficulties
What is the minimum scrotal circumstance size a yearling bull must have to pass its breeding soundness exam at the Beef Educational Unit?
32 cm
Name at least one factor the breeding soundness exam in bulls doesn’t test for
Libido
What is the name of the tool used to take pelvic measurements
pelvimeter
What is a good male-to-female ratio for the average bull?
For young bulls a ratio of 1 bull to 12 females
For mature bulls a ratio of 1 bull to 36 females
Number of females should equal the number of months old the bull is
Assuming they are in good health and pass the BSE
How do you calculate the measurment for the total heifer pelvic area
Multiply the measurement for the height by the width measurement, this gives the square area.
When is the best time to take heifer pelvic measurements? what is the minimum pelvic measurement that is recommended
It is recommended to do this 4-6 weeks before breeding season
No less than 140 cm2; ideally 150 cm2 or greater
Should heifer pelvic measurements be used a screening or a selection tool.
A screening tool
If you use it as a selection tool you will simply be picking your larger framed animals. Ideally, you should identify the animals with abnormally small pelvic measurements and cull them.
Factrel
GNRH, Peptide, used in treatment of cystic ovaries and stimulares LH and FSH
Used in cattle
Oxytocin
Peptide, stimulates milk letdown and stimulates uterine contractions. Used in cattle,horses,swine,sheep and dogs
Prostamate
prostaglandin f2alpha and regress CL to control the onset of estrus and induces parturition.
The species are cattle, horses and swine
PLH
gonadotropins, is a protein and ir induces ovulation in all species
Follutein (HCG)
it is a protein that treats cystic ovaries and induces ovulation in cattle
FSH-P,Folltropin-V and superov
it is a protein and is superovulation of embryo donors
species-cattle, horse, swine, sheep and dogd
Gestyl
protein, superovulation, stimulation of estrus during anestrus
Posiliac
Somadotropin, Protein and increases milk production in cattle
P.G. 600
Gonadtropin PMSG+hCG and is a protein. Induction of estrus in anestrus gilts and sows
Regumate
Progesrerone and synchronizes estrus in mares or cyclic pigs as well as suppresses foal heat.
Progesterenes (melengestrol)
steroid that synchronizes of supresses heat in cattle
Megestrol Acetate
Progesterone that is a prevention of estrus in dogs and cats
Depo Prevera
a progesterone steroid that is a prevention of estrus in dogs and cats
Flugesterone and Acetate Sponges
Progesterone and is used to synchronize estrus in sheep and goats
CIDR
progesterone and is used to synchronize estrus in cattle and sheep
Matrix
its a progesterone that is used to synchronize estrus
Estradiol Cypionate
induces false heats and mismating in dogs and cats
Testotorone proprionate
Androgens and is the induction od sexual activity in estrus detector cows
Dexamethasone
Synthetic glucocorticoids and indices parturition in all species
Synovex-S and Syvonex-C
Anabolic steroids that are a combo of estrogen, testorone and progesterone and are used in cattle for the growth of lean tissue and to improve feed efficency
Parlodel, prolactin, inhibitor
not a hormone and induces abortion and psuedopregnacy in dogs
