Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANS 220 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cranial region

A

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pelvic region

A

The gonads and the tube system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the surge center

A

part of the brain that releases massive impulses to respond to an abnormal change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the tonic center

A

A part of the brain that releases constant impulses to help maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the sphenoid bone

A

It surrounds the hypothalamus and pituitary glands which consists of capillaries that help distribute hormones. It also helps provide protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Sella Turcica

A

Provides structure around the hypothalamus and pituitary. It is the cavity in between the brain and the sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The general functions of the hypothalamus

A

It is like a thermostat and it senses things then responds.It contains neurosecretory cells and produces neurohormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary

A

It is a direct connection via hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

General Form of the Posterior Pituitary

A

It is an extension of the hypothalamus via infundibular stock
Made of neural tissue
Direct extension of axons of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

General Function of the Posterior Pituitary

A

Site of hormone storage not synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the connection between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

A

It is an indirect connection via the primary portal plexus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anterior pituitary general form

A

Located above the roof of the mouth and below hypothalamus
Made of glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anterior pituatary General Function

A

Site of hormone synthesis
The hypothalamus sends hormone A to the primary portal plexus which then sends it to the anterior pituitary which uses that information to secrete hormone b.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Median Eminence form

A

contains the infundibular stock and primary portal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the immediate effects of severing the pituitary stalk

A

There is a complete inhibition of the pituitary function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structure is generally referred to as the body’s thermostat

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False? The anterior pituitary is directly connected to the hypothalamus via hypothalamic neurons

A

False. The anterior pituitary is connected indirectly via the primary portal plexus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens after GNRH is released from the hypothalamus

A

It is carried to the anterior pituitary by the primary portal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structure encapsulates the pituitary gland to aid in protection and diffusion of releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary

A

sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or false? Gonadotropes are individual cells that can be found scattered randomly throughout the anterior pituitary.

A

False. Gonadtropes are found in clusters not scattered randomly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does GNRH enter the blood stream after released from hypothalamic neurons

A

The median eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or false. Tropes are specialized hormone producing cells found within the posterior pituitary, which stimulate endocrine organs throughout the body.

A

False they are found in the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Somatropes

A

secrete somatotropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adrenotropes

A

secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Thyrotropes

A

secrete thyroid stimulating hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What species has an ovulation fossa

A

Mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where are follicles and other functional structures located on the canine ovary

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do Sertoli cells in a mature male do

A

Support gametes and produce steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a feature of a corpus hemorrhagic

A

it is similar to a large blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

After the ovary, the correct sequence of ducts that ovum pass through on their way toward the cervix is:

A

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine cornua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In domestic livestock, how much cooler do the testicles have to be in order for sperm production to occur

A

4-6°C cooler than body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What makes a species with a duplex reproductive tract unique

A

two cervices and two uterine horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How does having both circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers help the tube system

A

Allows for peristaltic contractions (sequential squeezing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Main Six Functions of the Female Reproductive Tract

A

-Hormone Production
-Gamete Production
-Gamete Transport
-Fertilization
-Growth and Development of Offspring
-Parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why is the ovary considered the primary organ

A

It is the only one that can produce gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ovarian Cytogenic Function

A

production of gametes (oocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ovarian Endocrine Function

A

Secretes Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Tunica Albuginia

A

Protective white layer that provides structural support and is covered by germinal epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Cortex

A

The outer zone and where structures that form the gametes reside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Medulla

A

The inner zone that contains the blood vessels which help nourish the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Ovulation Fossa

A

Only present in horses
Where ovulation occurs on the thinning of the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is different about the configuration of the ovary in horses

A

The medulla and cortex are reversed. The medulla is on the outside so the horse has the ovulation fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Primordial Follicles

A

One layer of cells that surround the oocyte and is made up of primordial germ cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Primary Follicles

A

One Layer of cuboid epithelial cells.
Increase in size of oocyte and height of follicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Secondary Follicles

A

Surrounded by several layers of follicular cells
Formation of theca and granulosal cells
Not fluid filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Tertiary Follicles

A

Surrounded by several layers of follicular cells in which there is a differentiation. The follicle forms a fluid filled cavity known as antrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Cumulus

A

Granulosa cells that take care of the oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Granulosa Cells

A

Inner most cells that surround oocyte and add the fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Thecal Cells

A

surround granulosa cells and maintain structural support and well as produces testorone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Mural Cells

A

A type of granulosa cells underneath the thecal cells that add the fluid and produce estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Corpus Hemorrhagicum

A

A newly ruptured follicle that is essentially a blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

After the CH
“Yellow Body”
Produces Progesteronee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

“White Body”
Scar Tissue
remains after the CL regresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Mucosal layor

A

directly supports lumen and releases fluid to help nourish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Submucosal Layer

A

Carries the blood vessels and lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Muscularis

A

The muscle layer that contains both circular and longitudinal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Serosal Layer

A

Outer Protective Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is the general structure of the uterus

A

There is the body, the cornua(horns) and is composed of three layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are the three general functions of the uterus

A

-Development of offspring
-Sperm survival
-Regulation of the cycle
-Parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Perimetrium

A

-outermost protective layer in the uterus
-similar to the serosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Myometrium

A

-muscle layers in the uterus
-similar to the muscularis layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Endometrium

A

-secretory lining of the uterus
-submucosa and mucosal lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Bicornuate Uteri

A

Centrilized Uterine Body and Uterine Horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Duplex uteri

A

Two cercvixes and to unterine bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Simplex Uteri

A

no uterine horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Cervical Structure

A

It is constricted and thickend as well as has secretory and ciliated cells lining cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Cervical Functions

A

It is a physical and chemical barrier between the uterus and the outside. It also helps with sperm function and storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Cervix Annular Rings

A

-Cow and Ewe
-Filter mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Cervical Interdigitating Pads

A

-Sow
-Filter mechanism but also provides stimulation to the boar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Cervical Longitudinal Folds

A

-mare
-has folds of cervical lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Vaginal Structure

A

-squamos epithelial cell layer surrounded by the muscular wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

General Vaginal Function

A

It is a copulatory organ, has sperm function, chemical barrier (helps maintain pH balance), and responsive to steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Major parts of the external genetalia

A

-vestibule or vagina
-urethral opening
-labia majora and labia minora
-Clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

External Genetalia Functions

A

-protection
-stimulation
-sexual attracta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Functions of the male reproductive tract

A

-Hormone Production
-Gamete Production
-Gamete Transport
-Urination
-Ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Testicles Form

A

-primary male reproductive organ
-paired in mammals
-found outside the body wall
-must descend into scrotum to ensure normal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Muscle that attaches from the base of the scrotal pouch and the base of the testicle in which the swelling allows testicle descent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Inguinal cavity

A

whole in cavity in male and closes after testicular descent

79
Q

Cryptocordism

A

If the testes do not descent

80
Q

Time of testicular descent for bulls and rams

A

midterm gestation

81
Q

Time of testicular descent for boar

A

last quater of gestation

82
Q

Scrotal Skin

A

has an increased number of sweat glands for temperature regulation

83
Q

Cremaster Muscle

A

A muscle that temperalily moves the testes to and from the body cavity

84
Q

Tunica Dartos

A

Muscle that allows for long term moved closer to and from the body cavity

85
Q

Pampiniform Plexus

A

slows the speed of the blood down to help cool the testes

86
Q

Cytogenic Function of the Testes

A

-Production of Gametes
-spermatoza

87
Q

Testes endocrine function

A

-secretes hormones
-steroid
-protein peptides

88
Q

Interstitial Cells (Leydig)

A

outside the tubule
produces testorone to the blood supply or tubule

89
Q

Basement membrane

A

Basal lamina
Outermost layer of seminiferous tubule and provides structure

90
Q

Primordial Germ Cells

A

Spermatigonium and either self renews or repopulates

91
Q

Caput

A

Head of the epididymis
absorption to concentrate sperm
transport

92
Q

Corpus

A

body of epidermis
secretions mature sperm
removes cytoplasmic droplet
forward/progressive motility
fertility

93
Q

Cauda

A

Tail of the epidydimis
storage for ejaculation
can cause leakage

94
Q

Vas Deferens-Ducuts Deferens Form

A

continuation of the caudal epididymis
Enters the pelvic urethra just posterior to bladder

95
Q

Vas Deferens Function

A

contractile tube for sperm transport
longitudinal and circular muscular layers

96
Q

Muscular Ampulla

A

bull, ram and stallion
temporary holding area of cells during reproduction
thickening of vas deferns

97
Q

Seminal Vesiccles form

A

-vesicular glands
-paired
-lobulated except in stallions

98
Q

Seminal Vessicles function

A

production of seminal fluid
sperm viability
flushes tract

99
Q

Seminal Plasma

A

flushes reproductive tract helps nutrients and buffer to help with cell survival

100
Q

What do seminal vesicles produce

A

fructose
citric acid
insitiol

101
Q

Prostate Form

A

Body and/or disseminate
small in bull and ram
large in boar
2 lobes in stallion

102
Q

What does the prostate produce

A

-prostate specific antigens
-other proteins

103
Q

Bulbourethral Gland

A

Cowpers Gland
Paired
Produce large gelatinous function

104
Q

Vascular Penes

A

No sigmoid flexure
Penis fills with blood
raises blood pressure
In Humans and Stallions

105
Q

Fibroelastic Penes

A

rigid in non erect state
s shape due to sigmoid flexure
raised blood pressure mean straightens
in bulls, rams and boars

106
Q

Penis Retractor Muscle and Sigmoid Flexus

A

allows extension and retraction of the penis and sigmoid flexure extends in copulation

107
Q

Ischiocavernous and. bulbospongiousus muscles

A

skeletal muscles for the ejaculation process

108
Q

Blood-Testes Barrier

A

tight junctions only allow the gametes, no immune cells, because the cells Innside are haploid immune cells would. destroy sperm cells

109
Q

Wired Communication

A

communication with neurons

110
Q

Wireless communication

A

communication via endocrine glands

111
Q

Neurocrine

A

uses neurons
-axonal transport
then via blood

112
Q

Exocrine

A

-secreted into ducts or epithelial surface
-saliva, sweat, milk and pancreatic enzymes
-many times related to digestive function, secretion of enzymes ect..

113
Q

Endocrine signaling

A

endo=in, internal
-substance produced in one site travels via blood supply to affect processes in another organ (tissue)
-classical effects of hormones
-example: gonadotropins

114
Q

Paracrine Signaling

A

A type of endocrine signaling
-alter activities (+/-) neighboring cells of different types

115
Q

Autocrine Signaling

A

-Alters activities neighboring cells of the same type or the secreting cell itself

116
Q

Autocrine

A

-a type of endocrine signaling
-alters activities neighboring cells of the same type or the secreting cell itself

117
Q

Juxtacrine signaling

A
  • a type of endocrine signaling
    -alters actvities of cells immediatley adjacent cells transmitted directly through components of a cell membrane
118
Q

Hormone definition

A

substance secreted by a cell that acts on some target cell (receptors)
they travel through blood, lymph, diffusion, cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid

119
Q

Ablation

A

remove and study change in activity

120
Q

Replacement

A

after ablation, add substance back

121
Q

Betholds Experiment

A

-castrated 6 roosters
-re-implanted a testis in 2 roosters (normal)
-transplanted a testis from another bird in 2 roosters (normal)
-left 2 castrated roosters to testis-less (lacking masculine charecteristics)

122
Q

Sterioid Hormones (General Information)

A

-Cholesterol Backbone
-Adrenocorticoids
-Sex Hormones
-active metabolites of vitamin D

123
Q

Chemical Properties of Steroid Hormone

A

-small
-hydrophobic/lipophilic
-travel in blood w/ carrier
-lipid soluable and diffuse through cell membranes
-cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors(also lipid membranes)

124
Q

What is the precursor for testosterone and estrogen

A

progesterone

125
Q

What is the precursor for estrogen

A

testerone

126
Q

Progesterone Production in a luteal cell

A

promote energy of cholesterol into mitochondria
regulated by STAR

127
Q

CYP11A

A

Goes from cholesterol to pregenolone by reducing the number of carbons

128
Q

HSD3B1

A

goes from pregnolone to progesterone by changing the structure

129
Q

Aromatase

A

causes testorone to go to estrogen by losing one carbon

130
Q

Non-steroid hormones

A

proteins/peptides
eicosanoids
biogenic amines and catecholamines

131
Q

Chemical Properties of non-steroid hormones

A

-large
-hydrophilic
-not lipid soluble so can’t fit through membrane
most hormones
received by receptors external to the cell membrane
requires second messenger mechanism of action

132
Q

Where are receprtors for non-steroid hormone located

A

on the cell membrane

133
Q

Where are the receptors for steroid hormone located

A

found in the cells cytoplasm or in its nucleus

134
Q

What constitutes the effectiveness of a hormone

A

-number of specific hormone receptors available
-the affinity of hormone binding to receptor

135
Q

Agonist hormone

A

can bind to the hormone receptor and superstimulate the response

136
Q

Antagonist hormone

A

stops the signaling and shuts down the response

137
Q

Positive feedback mechanism

A

increases the amount of hormone

138
Q

Negative feedback mechanism

A

regulates and can recognize to much hormones and can shut that hormone production down

139
Q

What is oxytocin

A

a non steroid neuropeptide
produced in hypothalamus
-stored in posterier pituatary and nerve signals cause release

140
Q

Functions of oxytocin

A

-promptes smooth muscle contraction
-milk letdown and is the love/trust hormone

141
Q

What is gonadotrppin releasing hormones

A

-produced and stored in the hypothalamus
-non steroid neuropeptide

142
Q

What does gonadotropin releasing hormone do

A

-target gonadropes in anterior pituitary
-responds to steroid hormones produced by the gonads
-released into the primary portal plexus

143
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone

A

-44 amino acids
-stimulates growth hormone production and release

144
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

A

stimulates thyrotropin stimulating hormone and prolactin production and release

145
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone

A

Stimulates adrenocrticotropic hormone production and release

146
Q

What is follicle stiumulating hormone

A

-glycoprotein
-produced and stored in anterior pituitary
-responds to gnrh pulses

147
Q

FSH Ovary function

A

stimulates follicle growth and development as well as stimulates estrogen production

148
Q

FSH Testes Function

A

supports Sertoli cell function and estradiol production

149
Q

What is luteinizing hormone

A

-glycoprotein
produced and stored in anterior pituitary
responds to gnrh pulses

150
Q

LH Ovary Functions

A

stimulates ovulation and luteinization of the follicle and progesterone secretion

151
Q

LH Testes Function

A

targets leading cells to stimulate testosterone T production

152
Q

FSH and LH subunits

A

alpha is the same and beta is what provides specificity

153
Q

Somatropin Hormone

A

stimulate cell growth, reproduction and regeneration

154
Q

Prolactin

A

similar structure to GH
promotes lactation, nest building and motherly instinct

155
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

stimulates release of T3 and T4 from thyroid

156
Q

Adrenocorticotrpic Hormone

A

stimulates release of cortisol from adrenal gland

157
Q

What is testorone

A

Steroid Hormone

  • Responds to LH pulses from AP
  • Negative feedback to hypothalamus
158
Q

What secretes testotorone

A

leydig cells in testes and theca cells in follicles

159
Q

Testosterone general actions

A

-behavorial changes for sexual receptivit
-stimulates anabolic growth

160
Q

Testorone actions in males

A

promotes spermatogenesis
promotes secretion of accessory sex glands

161
Q

Testoronbe actions in females

A

substrates for estrogen production
masculinization

162
Q

What is estrogen

A

steroid hormone
responds to FSH pulses from AP
Positive and Negative feedback to hypothalamus

163
Q

What secretes estrogen

A

secreted by
-Sertoli cells in testes
granuloma cells in follicles and placenta

164
Q

Estrogen action

A

In males
feminization
In females
initiates durge of GnRH from pituitary
increases secretory activity of the tube system
increases uterine tone by heightening myometrium

165
Q

What is Progesterone P4

A

Steroid Hormone
-responds to LH pulses from AP
-Negative feedback to hypothalamus

166
Q

What secretes progesterone

A

Secreted by:
Luteal cells in the corpus leteum
placenta

167
Q

Progesterone Actions

A

-required to maintain pregnancy
-inhibits GnRH pulses and LH surge
-Decreases secretory activity of tube system
-Decrease uterine tone

168
Q

What is prostaglandin f2 alpha

A

-eicosanoids
responds to OXT induced muscle contrations

169
Q

What secretes prostaglandin f2 alpha

A

secreted by the uterine gland and vesicular gland

170
Q

Prostaglandin F2 alpha actions

A

-Promotes smooth muscle contractios
-vasoconstricter
-kills the corpous luteum (lteolysis)
-Involved in ovulation

171
Q

What is Prostaglandin E2

A

-eicosanoids
short half life

172
Q

What secretes prostaglandin E2

A

secreted by
-uterine endometrium
-granulosa and theca cells
-embryonic membranes

173
Q

Prostaglandin E2 actions

A

-promotes P4 production by CL
-Promotes vascularization of tissues
vasodialater
-involved in ovulation

174
Q

What is Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

A

-Glycoprotein
-found in other primates
-produced by trophoblastic cells of the blastocyst

175
Q

HCG actions

A

acts like LH to stimulate P4 production by CL
indirectly blocks luteolysis
causes ovulation in non-primate females
-embryo-increases fetal growth

176
Q

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

A

-aka pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin
-glycoprotein
-produced by endometrial cups of the placenta

177
Q

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin actions

A

-causes formation of accessory CL=P4 production
-indirectly block luteolysis
-acts like FSH in other species

178
Q

Interferon Tau (IFNT)

A

Glycoprotein only found in ruminants
produced by trophoblastic cells of the blastocyst

179
Q

IFNT Actions

A

-Inhibits OXT receptors
-Prevents PGF2a synthesis
-promotes protein production to nourish conceptus

180
Q

Mitosis

A

produces two identical daughter cells

181
Q

What cells does meiosis happen in

A

only in germ cells within ovary or testes

182
Q

Genital Ridge

A

-formation of primary sex cords
-pcg undergos mitosis
-sealed by tunica albungica

183
Q

Mesonephros

A

Male wolfian duct
AMH and Androgen
Forms:
Rete Testes
Efferent Ducts
Epididymis
Vas Deferens

184
Q

TDF-testis determining factor

A

synthesized by developing sex cords
causes differention of sertoli cells

185
Q

Anti-Mullerian Hormone Produced

A

AMH or MIH
sertoli cell product

186
Q

Female Development

A

No Y chromosome
No AMH or androgens
Forms
ovidycts
uterus
anterior vagina

187
Q

How can you tell the difference between a mature sperm and an immature sperm

A

the cytoplasmic droplet is not present in a mature sperm

188
Q

What section of the male reproductive tract do sperm become fertile

A

corpus epididymis

189
Q

Destruction of this ligament will result in unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism and an increased risk for developing inguinal hernias.

A

Gubernaculum

190
Q

True of False. Inguinal Hernias occur in females

A

false

191
Q

True or False? During an erection, blood flow and pressure are only important in species with a vascular penis type.

A

False

192
Q

True or False? A cryptorchid male produces sperm but not any hormones.

A

False

193
Q

In general, the hypothalamus,
produce A) hormones, whereas the anterior pituitary produces B) hormones.

A

A) releasing and B) stimulating

194
Q

Complete the following statement:
Failure to maintain the testes 4-6 degrees cooler than normal body temperature results in…

A

Suppression of primordial germ cells resulting in a reduced sperm count, without impacting testosterone synthesis by the interstitial cells.

ANS 220 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions