Lab: Ortho exam, Bone healing Flashcards
What are the 3 common causes of forelimb lameness?
Elbow dysplasia
OCD
Fractures
What are the 5 common causes of hindlimb lameness?
Hip dysplasia
Pelvic fractures
Other fractures
ACL rupture
Patellar luxation
What disease causes lameness in small breed dogs?
Legg Calve Perthese disease
What does CREPI stand for?
Crepitus
Range of motion
Effusion or swelling
Pain
Instability
For which joint is the Ortolani sign for?
Hip
What is the gold standard daignostic for joint evaluation? For which conditions can it be both diagnostic and therapeutic?
Arthroscopy
Cruciate disease and OCD
What is the most important factor for bone healing?
Blood supply
How long is the inflammatory stage of indirect bone healing? What forms first at the fracture site? What cell type is abundant at this time?
3-4 days
Clot (which releases osteoinductive growth factors to stimulate angiogenesis and bone formation)
Mast cells
During the repair stage of indirect bone healing the clot changes into ____________ by action of __________ cells and ________.
During the repair stage of indirect bone healing the clot changes into granulation tissue by action of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts.
How long does the repair stage of indirect bone healing approximately last?
2 months
What stage of indirect bone healing lasts the longest?
Remodeling stage (70% of total healing time)
Wolfe’s Law governs the remodeling phase of indirect bone healing. Which cells are responsible for compression? Which for tension?
Compression: Osteoblasts
Tension: Osteoclasts
You know the drill
A: Hematoma
B: Granulation tissue
C: Connective tissue
D: Cancellous (bone)
E: Bone
What is the end result of Haversian remodeling?
Haversian remodeling occurs to eliminate the callus
What type of bone healing occurs without callus formation?
Direct
Which takes longer, direct or indirect bone healing?
Direct
(6-12 months for appropriate mechnical strength)
______ healing, a type of direct bone healing, results in lamellar bone oriented in normal axial direction?
Contact
In _____ healing, a type of direct bone healing, osteoblasts deposit laminar bone in the fracture gap perpendicular to the long axis.
Gap
Which is more stable if fractured, cancellous or cortical bone?
Cancellous
T/F: When cancellous bone heals, first the cortical shell closes and then the fracture site bridges over.
False, bridging occurs before the union of the cortical shell
Zone of hypertrophy or Zone of proliferation?
A fracture of this zone will heal by endochondral ossification
A fracture of this zone will heal by continued growth of physeal cartilage
Zone of proliferation will heal by endochondral ossification
Zone of hypertrophy will heal by continued growth of physeal cartilage
What type of implant may result in direct bone healing, but more likely indirect bone healing and hardly disturbs the blood supply?
ESF
What do you call recruitment of host mesenchymal cells to form new bone or osteogenesis?
Osteoinduction
What type of bone graft is the gold standard?
Cancellous bone autogenous graft
What can you do to increase the volume of a cancellous bone allograph graft?
Can mix it with an autograft
From which bones can you harvet a cortical bone autograph?
Ribs
Ulna
Fibula
Ilial wing
What does the term “Creeping substitution” mean?
When a cortical bone graft establishes itself osteoclasts move in and resorb bone followed by osteoblasts which lay down new bone
(this maintains the mechanical strength of the graft)
What type of graft provides immediate mecnical support, promotes osteogenesis, is osteoinductive and is an autogenous graft?
Cortical-Cancellous bone graft
