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SAS scs RUSVM > Lab: Emergency Sx, Ceilotomy, OVH, Castration > Flashcards

Lab: Emergency Sx, Ceilotomy, OVH, Castration Flashcards

1
Q

What should the internal diameter of a temporary tracheostomy tube be in relation to the diameter of the trachea?

A

1/2 of diameter of trachea

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2
Q

Why should you extend a dog’s neck over a rolled towel when preparing to place a tracheostomy tube?

A

To get the trachea closer to the skin

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3
Q

Where is the incision usually made for a temporary tracheostomy?

A

Between 3rd and 4th OR 4th and 5th rings, through the annular ligament

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4
Q

For how long should you suction the trachea and at what level, after placing a trach tube?

A

<10 sec (to prevent hypoxia)

Carina

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5
Q

What wound classification is used when you remove a trach tube? How do you close this?

A

Clean contaminated

Don’t close, allow to heal by second intention

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6
Q

What start and end point do you use to pre-measure a thoracostomy tube?

A

Start: Dorsal third of thoracic wall at 7-9 ICS

End: Around point of elbow

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7
Q

How far from the desired intercostal entry point do you make your incision for a thoracostomy tube?

A

2-3 rib spaces caudal

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8
Q

Why is this hemostat placement for a thoracostomy tube incorrect?

A

Hemostat tips should extend beyond the end of the tube (otherwise difficult to get through hole)

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9
Q

How do you secure a thoracostomy tube? (incl suture type)

A

Mattress or purse-string suture and fingertrap suture

Non-absorbable suture

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10
Q

You take an x-ray to evaluate the placement of a thoracostomy tube and notice that it is not deep enough in the thorax. Can you reposition the tube?

A

No, must re-place tube

(can back out but not insert further into thorax)

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11
Q

In what position do you place a dog for pericardiocentesis? How should you position your patient to clip the area which you will insert the needle? Where is this area?

A

Left lateral recumbency (left side down)

Sternal recumbency

Mid-ventral right 5th-6th ICS (point of elbow)

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12
Q

Why do you need to advance a catheter before removing th stylette?

A

Stylette extends beyond the catheter

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13
Q

What is the least invasive enteral feeding tube?

A

Nasoesophageal

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14
Q

Which side of the stomach do you place a feeding tube for nutritonal support?

A

Left side

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15
Q

What layer must you include when securing a gastrostomy tube?

A

Fascia (not just skin)

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16
Q

What is one of the most important things to do when placing an enterostomy tube to prevent food accumulating in case of gastro/interstinal paresis?

A

Advance tube down further into the GIT

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17
Q

What type of approach is a laparotomy?

A

Flank

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18
Q

What is gossypiboma? How do you prevent it?

A

Retained foreign object during surgery

Sponge and instrument counts pre- and post-op

(Also: Radioopaque sponges, but $$$)

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19
Q

What is a common reason to use a paramedian approach for a neuter?

A

Inguinal Cryptorchid

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20
Q

When would you do a flank approach?

A

To access ovaries, kidneys or adrenals

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21
Q

What must you ID and ligate when you deviate your incision laterally from ventral midline?

A

Branches of caudal superficial epigastric vessels

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22
Q

Which muscle do you want to avoid when making a ventral midline approach?

A

Rectus abdominis muscle

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23
Q

How can you deal with the falciform ligament when doing a ceiliotomy?

A
  1. Push it out of the way
  2. Ligate and remove
  3. Cauterize and remove
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24
Q

What is almost always indicated with an exploratory ceilotomy even if no gross lesions are identified?

A

Biopsies

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25
Q

What is found in the cranial quadrant?

A

Diaphragm

Stomach

Gallbladder

Left limb of pancreas

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26
Q

What is found in the right quadrant?

A

Right limb of pancreas

Right kidney

Ureter

Adrenal gland (right)

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27
Q

What is found in the left quadrant?

A

Descending colon

Adrenal gland (left)

Left uterine horn

Spleen

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28
Q

What is found in the central quadrant?

A

Cecum

Mesentery

Mesenteric/intestinal LNs

Transverse, ascending colon

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29
Q

What is found in the caudal quadrant?

A

Duodenocolic ligament

Bladder

Ventral ligament of bladder

Prostate

Uterine body

30
Q

Until when do you lavage the abdomen with warm saline before closing?

A

Until what you’re taking out looks like what you’re putting in

31
Q

What is the layer of strength on the abdomen?

A

External rectus shealth

32
Q

What closure patterns can you use to close the abdominal cavity? Which suture types do you AVOID using?

A

Simple interrupted

Simple continuous

Avoid: Chromic gut (inflammatory), Silk (inflammatorY), Vicryl Rapid (absorbs too fast), Polymerized caprolactam (granuloma formation)

33
Q

What bites do you take when closing the abdominal fascia? How do you check if you have good bites?

A

5mm by 5mm

Lift up on suture bite or place finger in incision and lift up

34
Q

Why do you close the SQ tissue?

A

Relieve dead space

Better skin apposition

35
Q

What can you do as an alternative to a SQ closure? What migh this make unnecessary?

A

Intradermal/subcuticular pattern

May not need to close the skin

36
Q

Why are tension patterns counter-indicated for skin unless tension is present? What suture type and size is typically used to close the skin?

A

Tendence to evert the skin and thus dely healing

3.0 monofilament (absorbable or non-absorbable)

37
Q

According to the Veterinary Surgery invited review Making a Rational choice between Ovariectomy and Ovariohysterectomy in the Dog: A discussion of the benefits of either technique, what is the preferred method of gonadectomy in the healthy bitch?

A

OVE (ovariectomy)

38
Q

Why does OVE not predispose a patient to pyometra?

A

Because this condition is hormonally induced, removing the source (ovaries) prevents the disease

39
Q

Why is spaying an animal a possible treatment for idiopathic epilepsy?

A

Estrogen decreases the seizure threshold

40
Q

Why is spaying an animal a possible treatment for diabetes mellitus?

A

Progesterone blocks insulin receptors

41
Q

Why is a spayed patient more prone to obestity?

A

Cycling estrogens decrease appetite

Spaying reduces the metabolic rate

A spayed animal requires fewer calories

42
Q

Why can spaying cause urinary incontinence?

A

Estrogen affects the urethral sphincter mechanism

43
Q

Which types of neoplasia occur at a higher incidence in spayed animals?

A

Hemangiosarcoma

Lymphoma

44
Q

T/F: A patient should always be prepped from xiphoid to pubis for an OVH.

A

True

45
Q

Between which organs is the uterine body?

A

Colon and bladder

46
Q

Which ligament is between the ovary and uterine horn?

A

Proper ligament

47
Q

What prevents the ovary from being completely exteriorized unless it is broken?

A

Suspensory ligament

48
Q

The ovarian arteries branch off of the _________. The right ovarian vein drains into the _______ while the left drains into the _________.

A

Aorta

Vena cava

Left renal vein

49
Q

What type of suture, absorbable or non-absorbable, is preferred for OVH?

A

Absorbable

At Ross probably 2.0 PDS

50
Q

Why do you need to break down the broad ligament before making ligatures?

A

To minimize tissue in ligatures - more stable, secure

51
Q

What are the signs of shock that you need to watch out for post-OVH?

A

Slow recovery

Pale membranes

Distended abdomen

Decreased BP

52
Q
A
53
Q

Neuter or Castration?

1: Any sterilization procedure

2: Any pocedure in whcih an individual looses his testicles

A

Neuter or Castration?

Neuter: Any sterilization procedure

Castration: Any pocedure in whcih an individual looses his testicles

54
Q

T/F: Sterilization does not treat prostatic cancer.

A

True

55
Q

Why does an orchectomy help prevent perineal hernias?

A

Testosterone weaknes pelvic muscles

56
Q

What is the most common surgical approach for castrating dogs? Cats?

A

Dogs- Pre-scrotal

Cats- Scrotal

57
Q

Which surgical approach is indicated for testicular or scrotal neoplasia, but not for routine neuters?

A

Scrotal with ablation

58
Q

In how may layers do you close the incision of a closed castration? What structure must you be careful to avoid?

A

2 (deep facia + SQ and skin )

Urethra

59
Q

In an open castration you incise the ___ and avoid the ____.

A

PVT

VVT

60
Q

What is the most common post-op complication after a neuter?

A

Scrotal hemorrhage

61
Q

What is the first step when you prep a feline scrotum for an orchectomy? In which direction do you incise ove the testicle (caudal to cranial or cranial to caudal)?

A

PLUCK the hair (don’t clip)

Cranial to caudal

62
Q

How do you close the incision from a closed feline castration?

A

You don’t

Let it heal by second intention

63
Q

The overhand knot, figure 8 knot, and ductus deferens tie are used in feline castrations. Which is used in an open castration?

A

Ductus deferens tie

64
Q

Funiculitis is a reported complication from feline neuters. What is it? (Hint- it’s not fun for Mr.Kitty)

A

Spermatic cord inflammation

65
Q

At what age can an animal with an undescended testicle be considered cryptorchid?

A

6 months

66
Q

What effect does a cryptorchid testicle have on the normal testicle?

A

Supresses spermatogenesis

67
Q

In which species can eyelid agenesis and a kinked tail indicate a cryptorchid testicle?

A

Felines

68
Q

Which testicle do you remove first if one of them is cryptochid and prescrotal?

A

The normal testicle

69
Q

Nerve and blood supply to the prostate are on the _____(dorsal or ventral) aspect.

A

Dorsal

70
Q

T/F: Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is very common in older intact dogs and the dogs usually present as painful and incontinent.

A

False

It is common in older intact dogs, but it is not painful nor does it cause incontinence. Usually they present asymptomatic.

71
Q

What organism is most commonly involved in prostatitis?

A

E.coli

72
Q

What adjunct treatment should you peform after draining a prostatic abscess?

A

Omentalization

SAS scs RUSVM (24 decks)

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