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Lab Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

land plants exhibit the sexual life cycle of

A

sporic meiosis

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2
Q

What is a protonema

A

a haploid meiospore multicellualar filament in liverworts and mosses

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3
Q

what phyla has homosporous members

A

arthrophyta

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4
Q

What phylum are red algae

A

rhodophyta

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5
Q

kingdom that includes protozoans, algae, and slime molds

A

protista

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6
Q

sporangia, spores, plasmodium, and plasmodial growth are all in which phylum

A

myxogastrida

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7
Q

are arthrophyta homosporous or heterosporous

A

Homo

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8
Q

are lycophta homosporous or heterosporous

A

heterosporous

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9
Q

what is homospory

A
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10
Q

what is heterospory

A
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11
Q

what are gymnosperms

A
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12
Q

seed coat

A

outside of bean

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13
Q

Cotyledons

A

bean half shaped first leavesep

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14
Q

Epicotyl

A

first real bean leaves

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15
Q

hypocotyl

A

becomes bean stem

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16
Q

radicle

A

becomes bean root

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17
Q

4 phylums of gymnosperms

A

cycadophyta, ginkgophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta

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18
Q

what is xylem

A

in seedless vascular plants, for water and minerals
only flows from roots up

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19
Q

wha tis phloem

A

in seedless vascular plants, for carbs and other nutrients
flows in any direction

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20
Q

4 phylums of seedless vascular platns

A

lycophyta, psilophyta, arthrophta, pterophta

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21
Q

3 nonvascular plant phyla

A

Bryophyta, hepatophtya, anthocerophyta

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22
Q

what is the largest group of seedless vascular plants

A

pterophtya

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23
Q

When the celery stalk was planted in a dye water, where all was dye found

A

only the xylem

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24
Q

can leaves take water through the pores?

A

no

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25
Q

Typically, flowering plants endosperm is ______ (_n)

A

triploid (3n)

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26
Q

the primary role of fruits is to ___

A

disperse seeds

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27
Q

In pollen development in flowering plants, a haploid microspore produced via meiosis undergoes ____ to make a __-celled pollen grain

A

mitosis; 2-celled

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28
Q

flowering plants are all in the phylum

A

anthophyta

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29
Q

embryo sac

A

mature female gametophyte

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30
Q

double fertilization

A

one sperm fertilizes egg to make zygote and the other fertilizes polar bodies to makes 3n endosperm (for food)

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31
Q

what does angiosperms mean

A

“seed in vessel”

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32
Q

what are the 2 major clades of the phylum Anthophyta

A

Monocots: 1 seed leaf (cotyledon), 3 flower parts, Parallel venation of vasc tissue
Eudicots: 2 seed leaf, 4/5 flower parts, leaves w netlike venation of vasc tissue

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33
Q

What is a cotyledon

A

seed leaf

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34
Q

what are the parts of the ovary wall of fruits? what is the ovary wall called?

A

Ovary wall: Pericarp
Exocarp: outerwall
mesocarp
endocarp: inner wall next to seed

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35
Q

If material outside of ovary is included, the fruit is an _______

A

accessory fruit

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36
Q

3 forms of fruit:

A

simple: derived from 1 pistil
aggregate: from separate carpels on one flower
multiple: from multiple flowers

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37
Q

2 types of dry fruit

A

dehiscent: splits open at maturity
indehiscent: doesn’t split

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38
Q

Male part of flower=
Female=

A

Male= anther
Female= ov

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39
Q

one or more carpels=

A

pistil

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40
Q

Flowerparts attached to receptacle in 4 _____.
what are the 4 parts

A

whorls
calyx- sepals (calyx means cover)
corolla- petals (think of a car)
androecium- stamens (male)
gynoecium- carpels (female_

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41
Q

Complete, incomplete, perfecrt, and imperfect flowers

A

Com: calyx+corolla+androecium+gynoecium
incom: 1+ whorls missing
perf: both androecium and gynoecium
imperf: missing andro or gyno

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42
Q

connation vs adnation

A

conn: fused within a whorl
adnation: fusing btw whorls

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43
Q

what are the “seed leaves” that are part of a dormant embryo in a seed

A

cotyledon

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44
Q

what are apical meristems

A

the growing tips of roots and stems

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45
Q

What life cycle do all sexual reproducing fungi have

A

zygotic meiosis

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46
Q

what are the conditions from growing in the dark called?

A

etiolation

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46
Q

what is an example of etiolation

A

longer stem for plants grown in the dark

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47
Q

sac fungi are characterized by having the products of meiosis formed in the _____

A

ascus

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48
Q

what acid is used in lab 6 to show the effect on dwarf and tall corn/pea plants

A

gibberellic acid

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49
Q

These are three locomotive structures associated with protists

A

Flagella, cilia, pseudopoida

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50
Q

Phylum of large, multicellular
marine algae whose pigments are
especially efficient in absorbing the
green, violet, and blue light that penetrates into the deepest ocean
waters.

A

Rhodophyta (Red alge)

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51
Q

Marine ameboids that secrete tiny calcareous tests

A

Foraminiferans

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52
Q

What phylum are liverwarts

A

Hepatophyta

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53
Q

This phylum contains only 1 living
genus with 15 species

A

arthrophyta

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54
Q

A cone-like structure that consists
of a cluster of sporophyllls

A

Strobilus

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55
Q

Root-like structures in nonvascular plants

A

rhizoids

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56
Q

Term for separate male and female
sporophytes

A

Dioecious

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57
Q

Called “naked seed plants”
because seeds are not covered by fruit

A

Gymnosperms

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58
Q

Food source inside the seed for the
dormant embryonic plant

A

endosperm

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59
Q

These aid in the dispersal of spores

A

elaters

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60
Q

The growing tips of stems and roots

A

Apical meristems

61
Q

Term to describe a fruit that develops from many separate ovaries in a single flower

62
Q

Flowers with all 4 whorls are said to be this

63
Q

Composite organisms including both a fungus and a photosynthetic partner living together in symbiosis

64
Q

Sac Fungi phylum

A

ascomycota

65
Q

Club-shaped reproductive
structures on which basidiospores resulting from meiosis are produced

66
Q

This occurs by fragmentation of the
mycelium or by the production of spores within sporangia or at the tips of modified hyphae.

A

Asexual reproduction

67
Q

The term to describe fungal hyphae containing two nuclei

A

dikaryotic

68
Q

6 phylums in phyla
Protozoans
Protists

A

Ciliophora, Apicomplexa, Radiolaria, Foraminifera, Eugenozoa, Gynoamoeba
(CARFEG)

69
Q

What phylum is marine and secretes siliceous (glass-like) tests that are extremely fragile

A

Phylym Radiolaria

70
Q

What movement is associated with Ciliates, flagellates, and pseudopodia

A

C: Fast, smooth
F: Slower, spiraling
P: slow, oozing

71
Q

Ciliate with large, darkly stained macronucleus

A

Paramecium (Ciliophora)

72
Q

Has many pseudopodia for locomotion and food capture

A

Ameoba (Gymnamoeba)

73
Q

Parasitic flagellate living in vertebrate

A

Trypanosomes (euglenozoa)

74
Q

Lives in blood of mammals + birds causes malaria

A

Plasmodium (apicomplexa)

75
Q

Protists Phyla
4 Phylum of Algae

A

Cholorophyta (Green), Phaeophyta (brown), Rhodophyta (Red), Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) (CPRB)

76
Q

Spore Forming parasite phylum

A

apicomplexa

77
Q

What is the larges phylum of algae?

78
Q

Unicellular, motile algae with 2 anterior flagella.
Has cup-shaped chloroplast and eyespot

A

Chlamydomonas

79
Q

Colonial green algae
______ flattened + held together by gelatinous material
______ large spheres, covered in daughter colonies

A

Gonium
Volvox
Chlorophyta (Green)

80
Q

non-motile, colonial algae
Multinucleate seperated by crosswalls

A

Hydrodictyon
Chlorophyta (green)

81
Q

Non-motile, unbranced filament algae

A

Oedogonium
Chlorophyta (Green)

82
Q

Ulva
_____cellular, large algae
_________ alternation of generations

A

mutlicellular organisms
isomorphic

83
Q

Phylum includes marine seaweed and kelps
Large multicellular w/ flattened blade, stipe, and holdfast

A

Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)

84
Q

Multicellular marine algae
Often found in deep waters and good at capturing green, blue, and violet waves

A

Rhodophyta (red)

85
Q

What phylum are plasmodial slime molds

A

Phylum Myxogastria

86
Q

Non-walled, multinucleate masses of protoplasm

A

plasmodial slime molds

87
Q

In harsh conditions, plasmodial slime molds enter an alternate life form in which_____________ are produced

A

sporangia (stalked fruiting bodies)

88
Q

what does plasmodium mean when italicized? Not italicized?

A

I: genus of phylum apicomplexa that is parastic (malaria)
not I: feeding stage of phylum myxogastrida slime molds

89
Q

What life cycle are chlamydomonas and oedogonium

A

zygotic meiosis

90
Q

What is the life cycle of Ulva

A

alternation of generations

91
Q

What is the difference between gametic and zygotic meiosis

A

Z: Zygote directly undergoes meiosis and lives haploid. Undergoes Mitosis as 1N
G: Gametes formed directly by meiosis and lives diploid. Undergoes mitosis as 2N

92
Q

What is alternation of generation (sporic meiosis)

A

mitosis in 2 positions in life cycle forms 2 distinct multicellular generation. Meiosis forms spores

93
Q

3 phylum of non-vasc plants

A

Bryophyta (true moss), Anthocerophyta (hornworts), Hepatophyta (liverworts) (BAH)

94
Q

What color is the gametophye and sporophyte in Phylum Bryophyta

A

Gam: Green
Sporo: Brown

95
Q

What is the key structure for Phylum Bryophyta

A

sporophyte capsule

96
Q

What are the 3 key structures for phylum hepatophyta

A

Gemma cup, antheridiophores, archegoniophores

97
Q

What is unique about the sporophytes in phylum anthocerophyta

A

they can preform photosynthesis and therefore are green

98
Q

Sporangium/sporangia

A

capsule structure that holds spores

99
Q

Protonema/protonemata

A

germinated meiospores that are a filament of cells

100
Q

antheridium
archegonium

A

anth: male
arch: female

101
Q

seta

A

stalk of sporophyte

102
Q

gametophyte
Sporophyte

A

G: haploid, gamete forming
sporo: diploid, spore forming

103
Q

4 phylums of Seedless vasc plants

A

Psilophyta (whiskferns), arthrophyta (horsetail), pterophyta (true ferns), Lycophyta (Clubmoss) (PAPL)

104
Q

fronds

A

Fern leaves

105
Q

sori

A

cluster of sporangia in ferns (things under leaves)

106
Q

prothallus

A

Thalloid structure in gametophyte generation

107
Q

fiddlehead

A

tightly coiled new leaves on ferns

108
Q

seed coat

A

outside of bean

109
Q

cotyledons

A

bean half shaped first leaves

110
Q

epicotyl

A

first real bean leaves

111
Q

hypocotyl

A

becomes bean stem

112
Q

radicle

A

becomes root

113
Q

4 phylums in gymnosperms “Naked seeds”

A

Ginkgophya, Gnetophya, Cycadophyta, coniferophyta (GGCC)

114
Q

Gymnosperm phylum with diecious nature

A

Ginkgophyta

115
Q

What term means “seed in a vessel”

A

angiosperms

116
Q

Other structures that may contribute to the fruit _______

A

accessory structures

117
Q

What phylum are angiosperms and what are the 2 major clades

A

Anthophyta
Clades: eudicots, monocots

118
Q

3 key characteristics of monocots

A

One cotyledon(seed leaf)
Flower parts in multiple of 3
Leaves w parallel venation

119
Q

3 key characteristics of eudicots

A

2 cotyledons
Flower parts in multiples of 4/5
net live venation

120
Q

What are the 4 whorls from outide-in

A

calyx-sepals
corolla- petals
androecium-stamens (M)
gynoecium-carpels (F)

121
Q

Complete, incomplete, perfect, and imperfect flowers

A

Complete: all 4 whorls
in: missing 1+ whorl
perfect: both androecium & gynoecium
im: missing andro or gynoecium

122
Q

Connation vs adnation

A

con: fuse within whorls
pro: fuse btw whorls

123
Q

what is the ovary wall of fruits called

124
Q

if the ovary wall of a fruit is included, the fruit is an ____

A

accessory fruit

125
Q

Simple, aggreate, multiple

A

Simple: 1 pistil
ag: separate carpels
multi: mutli flowers

126
Q

dehiscent vs indehiscent fruit

A

de: splits open at maturity
in: doesn’t split open

127
Q

What is the life cycle of fruits

A

alternation of generation (sporic)

128
Q

Embryo sac

A

mature female gametophyte

129
Q

double fertilization

A

one sperm fertilizes egg to make zygote and other fertilizes polar bodies to make 3N endosperm

130
Q

what is endosperm used for

A

food in baby plants

131
Q

Is a pineapple:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?

A

fleshy, multi

132
Q

Is magnolia:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?

A

Dry, aggregate

133
Q

Is a strawberry:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory

A

dry, aggregate, accessory

134
Q

is an acorn:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?

A

simple dry

135
Q

is a tomato:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?

A

fleshy, simple

136
Q

is an apple:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?

A

simple, fleshy, accessory

137
Q

is a cucumber:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?

A

simple, fleshy, accessory

138
Q

what does auxin tell the plant to do?

A

not grow outward

139
Q

what does gibberellin tell a plant to do?

A

grow tallerw

140
Q

hat is etiolation and what does it cause

A

due to growth in dark:
stem elongation, poor leaf development, lack of chlorophyll

141
Q

What are asexual spores called

A

conidia + conidiophores

142
Q

what is the asexual fungi stage called

143
Q

sexual fungi undergo ___________ m___osis and are produced in the _______

A

zygotic meiosis
gametanga

144
Q

plasmogamy + karyogamy = _________
(and definitions)

A

syngamy
plasmogamy: fungal cells fuse plasma (N + N)
karyogamy: nuclei fuse making a 2N

145
Q

what fungal group is defined by ascus

A

ascomycota
sac like
sac breaks open to release spores

146
Q

What fungal is defined by basidum? where does meiosis happen?

A

Basidiomycota
Basidiospores

147
Q

science name for: cap, gills, ring, and stalk of fungi

A

cap=pileus
gills=lamella
ring=annulus
stalk=stipe

148
Q

2 symbolic relations w lichens

A

mycobiont: heterotrophic fungus offers shelter
photobiont: autotrophic alge produces food

149
Q

3 forms of lichens

A

crustose, foliose, frutiose

F24 (6 decks)

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