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Cell Biology > Lab Midterm > Flashcards

Lab Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the formula to find the total magnification on a microscope?

A

objective lens x10

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2
Q

blood is a

A

connective tissue

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3
Q

what type of formed element is suspended in the liquid portion of blood?

A

plasma

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4
Q

the solid part of blood consists of

A
  • leukocytes
  • thrombocytes
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5
Q

leukocytes are

A

white blood cells

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6
Q

thrombocytes are

A

platelets or cell fragments

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7
Q

what two types are leukocytes classified into

A
  1. granular leukocytes
  2. agranular leukocytes
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8
Q

granulocytes are further broken down into

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
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9
Q

agranulocytes are further broken down into

A
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
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10
Q

all blood and lymph cells are derived from a common precursor known as

A

pluripotent stem cell

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11
Q

the myeloid stem cells give rise to

A
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes
  • monocytes
  • thrombocytes
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12
Q

the lymphoid stem cell gives rise to

A

B & T lymphocytes

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13
Q

what are known as cancers of the blood and lymphatic systems?

A

leukemia’s & lymphomas

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14
Q

leukemias arise in

A

blood forming cells

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15
Q

lymphomas arise from

A

lymphocytes/ macrophages

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16
Q

how many types of white blood cells are there?

A
  • granular leukocytes
  • agranular leukocytes
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17
Q

what are the functions of white blood cells?

A

to protect the body from infection & disease

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18
Q

in leukemias do WBC increase or decrease in number?

A

increase

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19
Q

define hematopoesis

A

how blood cells differentiate from stem cells

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20
Q

what is polycythemia?

A

the excessive accumulation of red blood cells

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21
Q

hairy cell leukemia give a

A

hairy appearance to leukocytes

22
Q

how many blood cells are in 1 mm3 of blood?

A

about 5 million

23
Q

why do red blood cells appear like donuts?

A

b/c they lack a nucleus

24
Q

how many liters of blood are present in a normal young adult?

A

about 5

25
Q

list the 4 steps in forward pipetting

A
  1. first stop
  2. pipette in container, release slowly, remove excess liquid
  3. fist stop
  4. second stop
26
Q

list the 4 steps in reverse pipetting

A
  1. second stop
  2. pipette in container, touch tip
  3. first stop
  4. discard remaining volume
27
Q

4 step procedure for serial dilutions

A
  1. 8 test tubes
  2. 1 ml H2O in 2-8
  3. undiluted compound in 1-2
  4. 1 ml from 2-3 3-4 4-5…
28
Q

what reagent substitution is not substitutable?

A

mono/tri-basic

dibasic is substitutable

29
Q

in each case weigh dry reagents first add to flask then add

A

remaining volume of water or solvent

30
Q

what instrument is used to count cells?

A

hemocytometer

31
Q

list the steps in unstained cell counting

A
  1. clean hemocytometer & cover slide
  2. 100 microL in Eppendorf tube
  3. 10 microL in hemocytometer
  4. count cells in outer 4 corners
32
Q

what stain was used to determine cell viability?

A

trypan blue

33
Q

list the steps in stained cell counting

A
  1. clean hemocytometer & cover slide
  2. 100 microL in Eppendorf tube
  3. 100 microL of trypan blue
  4. 10 microL in hemocytometer
  5. count cells in outer 4 corners
34
Q

cells are categorized according to

A
  • cell origin
  • manner of growth
35
Q

primary cells are cells that have been

A

isolated directly from tissue

36
Q

continuous cells have a higher

A
  • growth rate
  • cloning efficiency
  • tumorigenicity
  • viable chromosome compliment
37
Q

transformed cells have been changed from

A

normal cells to cells w/ cancer properties

38
Q

suspension cells grow

A

suspended in the growth medium

39
Q

adherent cells grow in a

A

monolayer attached to the surface of a culture vessel

40
Q

what is a subdivision of adherent growth

A
  • anchorage-dependent
  • anchorage-independent
41
Q

anchorage-dependent cells require

A

attachment to a surface for cell proliferation

42
Q

anchorage-independent cells do NOT

A

require attachment for cell proliferation

43
Q

most cells used in research are

A

anchorage-dependent adherent cells

44
Q

when removing a culture flask from the incubator its important to take note of

A
  • color of medium
  • clarity/ cloudiness
  • clumped cells
45
Q

yellowish medium is ________ and can indicate

A

acidic

  1. overgrown culture
  2. bacterial contamination
  3. too much CO2
46
Q

orange medium in only slightly _________ and can indicate

A

acidic

  1. cells are healthy & growing NOT feeding
  2. cells may need to be passaged
47
Q

purplish media is _____________ and can indicate

A

alkaline

  1. sparse non-growing culture
  2. mold contamination
  3. little CO2
48
Q

for RNA isolation it is always important to

A

wear gloves and spray them w/ isopropanol

49
Q

isolation of RNA can be applied to

A
  • biosystematics
  • function of sRNAs
  • gene knockouts & silencing
  • pathway mapping
  • genomic profiling & diagnostics
50
Q

list the 5 main protocol steps in RNA isolation

A
  1. transfer of lysate/ethanol mixture
  2. wash w/ 180microL wash 1
  3. x2 wash w/ 180microL wash 2
  4. discard flow-through & centrifuge for 1 min
  5. RNA in micro elution tube w/ 2x 15microL elution solution

Cell Biology (12 decks)

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