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Cell Biology > Cancer Treatment: A Rational Approach > Flashcards

Cancer Treatment: A Rational Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

why has the incidence of breast cancer increased?

A

b/c of increased screening

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2
Q

explain functional genomics and breast cancer

A

looks at the expression array of several genes dictating a good/poor signature

good: underexpression of proliferation genes & overexpression of immune response

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3
Q

which patients do NOT benefit from additional chemotherapy?

A

patieints w/ a ‘good signature’

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4
Q

what is the functional constriction in the development of chemotherapeutics?

A

only a small subset of defective proteins are suitable targets for cancers drugs

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5
Q

what in cancer patients determines if they’re good targets for drug intervention?

A

biochemical subtleties

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6
Q

Gleevec is a

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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7
Q

Gleevec reduces the activity of what fusion protein?

A

Bcr-Abl

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8
Q

Bcr-Abl is a fusion protein that is active in what type of cancer?

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

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9
Q

Gleevec converts

A

leukemic cells back to normal granulocytes

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10
Q

with Gleevec treatment qPCR analysis confirmed the dramatic reduction of

A

expression of Bcr-Abl fusion gene

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11
Q

patients w/ PML can be treated w/

PML: promyelocytic leukemia

A

all-trans retinoic acid

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12
Q

what types of responses can be produced w/ the use of cancer drugs?

A
  • kill cancer via apoptosis
  • induce differentiation
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13
Q

many chemotherapeutics damage chromosomes causing

A

mitotic catastrophe

sends cell into apoptosis

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14
Q

chemotherapeutics have a

A

therapeutic window

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15
Q

what is a therapeutic window?

A

where the efficacy is the highest and the toxicity is the lowest

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16
Q

natural compounds can be

A
  • effective
  • less toxic
17
Q

EGCG in green tea binds to the

A

anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL protein

18
Q

what is the method that was discussed with selective targeting of cancer cells?

A
  • adding staurosporine
  • adding camptothecin
  • removing both drugs
19
Q

staurosporine arrests the cell

A

at G1 restriction point preventing S phase

20
Q

camptothecin causes

A

DNA damage during S-phase causing apoptosis

21
Q

cancer cells DO NOT arrest in

A

G1

22
Q

list 3 strategies targeted against cancer that focus on infection and inflammation

A
  1. antibiotics: gastric cancer
  2. NSAIDS: IKK inhibitors
  3. vaccines: cervical/liver cancer
23
Q

list some oncogenes that show premanent regression

A
  • H-ras
  • K-ras
  • Bcr-Abl
  • myc
24
Q

list some oncogenes that show presistence or relapse

A
  • myc
  • wnt
  • neu
25
Q

human tumors produce high levels of

A

CD47

26
Q

what is the function of CD47?

A

to block the immune system from targeting and destroying cancer cells

27
Q

in mice, treatments w/ doses of anti-CD47 caused

A

tumors to shrink & disappear

28
Q

explain the treatment of ultrasound + radiation

A

microbubbles pass through the circulatory system and burst with pulses of ultrasound to destroy blood vessels

29
Q

the treatment of ultrasound and radiation is currently being tested to break down the

A

blood-brain barrier

30
Q

what reactivates the p53 protein?

A

thiosemicarbazones

31
Q

what are the effects of thiosemicarbazones?

A
  • tumor shrinkage
  • slowed growth
  • does NOT affect non-cancer cells
32
Q

what is a unique cancer drug delivery system?

A

nanolipogels (NLGs)

33
Q

NLGs accumulate in the

A

leaky blood vessels of tumors

34
Q

what are the 2 components of NLGs?

A
  1. TGF-B inhibitor
  2. IL-2 protein

IL-2: recurits immune response

35
Q

what was the effect of NLGs in mice?

A
  • delayed tumor growth
  • sent tumors into remission
  • increased survival rates
36
Q

Golden Retrievers and Humans have what type of bone cancer in common?

A

osteosarcoma

37
Q

why were blind mole rats not able to grow cancer?

- no tumor growth

A

they live in low oxygen environments and this prevented the angiogenesis

Cell Biology (12 decks)

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