LAB: Microscopy Flashcards
size of bacteria and protozoa can be expressed in terms of what units?
micron or micrometers (μm or µ)
bacteria and protozoa are measured using what instrument?
ocular micrometer
define “ocular micrometer”
it is a tiny ruler within the eyepiece (ocular lens) of a light microscope, it is commonly used in measuring sizes of bacteria and protozoa.
the size of a virus can be identified using what unit of measurement?
nanometer
sizes of fungi, bacteria, and other unicellular parasites can be identified using what unit of measurement?
micrometers/microns
he was the first person to describe the characteristics and movement of microorganisms under a microscope
Anton Van Leeuwehoek
most of viruses has a diameter of ________________
0.01-0.3 μm
spherical bacteria are also called as
cocci
rod-shaped bacteria are commonly known as
bacilli
the average diameter of cocci is ________
1 μm
give examples of fungi
yeast, septate hyphae, aseptate hyphae
these are hyphae that has cross-walls
septate hyphae
hyphae without cross-walls
aseptate hyphae
difference between septate hyphae and aseptate hyphae
septate hyphae contain cross-walls while aseptate hyphae does not have cross-walls
it is the largest pond water protozoa (give max length when extended)
stentor (1,000-2,000 μm)
give examples of protozoans (6)
- chlamydomonas
- euglena
- vorticella
- paramecium
- volvoxa
- stentor
a type of microscope that has only one magnifying lens
simple microscope
it is an example of a simple microscope
magnifying glass
simple microscope can make an image how much size larger
3-20 times larger than the actual object
a type of microscope that has more than one magnifying lenses
compound microscope
they developed the first compound microscope
Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen
Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen made the first compound microscope in what year?
1950
define photomicrographs
these are type of photographs that are taken through the lens of a compound microscope.
what is the approximate wavelength of visible light used in compound light microscope
0.45 μm
part of a microscope that is located at the topmost part
ocular lens / eyepiece
magnification of an ocular lens
typically x10 or x15
it magnifies the image that is produced by the objective
ocular lens
it produces a virtual image that appears below or within the microscope
ocular lens
it holds the objective lenses
revolving nosepiece
it magnifies the specimen place on the stage
objective lenses
give the types of lenses under objective lens and their magnification
- scanner - 4x
- LPO - 10X
- HPO - 40X
- OIO - 100X
it is the flat surface of a microscope where the specimen is placed for viewing.
stage / mechanical stage
define mechanical stage (part of a microscope)
it is a part of a microscope where the specimen is placed for viewing, it holds the slide with the use a stage clip
define stage adjustment knobs
these are used to move the stage and the slide
it is used to move the stage and the microscope slide
stage adjustment knobs
this is used to adjust the amount of light to improve the contrast
iris diaphragm
it is used to regulate the amount of light passed on to the object that is being viewed
iris diaphragm
it is used to focus the light on to the object that’s being viewed
condenser
it contains glass lens or lens system which collects the light coming from the illuminator as it concentrate the light into a light cone onto the specimen
condenser
define condenser
key terms:
- glass lens or lens system
- concentrates the light
- light cone
it controls the amount of light emitted from the illuminator
rheostat control knob
used to turn the light source on and off
light switch
supports the whole microscope and it contains the light source
base
it is used to adjust the height of the condenser
condenser control knob
these are used to focus the objective lenses
fine and coarse adjustment knobs
this is used to hold the eyepiece in their proper location
binocular body
________________ are used to hold the ocular lenses
binocular body
it’s a part of a microscope that supports the binocular body and the revolving nosepiece
arm
a type of microscope were the object or the specimen is observed against a bright background
brightfield microscope
it is typically used in the clinical laboratory where the specimen is viewed against a bright backgroud
brightfield microscope
a type of microscope where instead of a typical condenser, it uses a darkfield condenser
dark-field or dark ground microscope
a type of microscope where the object is illuminated against a dark background
dark-field or dark ground microscope
enumerate all the objective lenses and their total magnification
- scanning - 40x
- LPO - 100x
- HPO - 400x
- OIO - 1000x
it is the causative agent of syphilis and it can be viewed under darkfield microscope
Treponema pallidum
Treponema pallidum cannot be easily stained; what tests are used for the diagnosis of syphilis?
serological test and microscopy using darkfield or dark ground microscope
these are the types of microscope that has the ability to observe unstained microorganisms
- phase-contrast microscope
- darkfield mciroscope
a type of microscope that can also observe the cellular processes of an organism
phase-contrast microscope
a type of microscope that has a built-in UV light source
fluorescence microscope
staining is not included in this microscopy
darkfield (ground) microscopy
it is any substance that triggers the immune system to produce an antibody against it
antigen
it is a protein produced by the immune system to attack and fight against the antigen
antibody
a type of microscope that is often used in immunology laboratory in order to demonstrate that antibodies that are stained with fluorescence dye have combined with a specific antigen
fluorescence microscope
these are types of microscopes that are capable of viewing viurses
electron microscopes
a type of microscope that uses electron beam as a light source and a magnet to focus the beam
electron microscope
what is the use electron beam in electron microscopes
source of illumination
it is used to focus the electron beam in an electron microscope
magnet
what are the two types of electron microscope?
- transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- scanning electron microscope (SEM)
this type of microscope has higher resolving power than a compound light microscope
electron microscope
TRUE OR FALSE: the wavelength of an electron traveling in a vacuum is greater than the wavelength of a visible light
FALSE; the wavelength of an electron that is traveling in vacuum is much shorter than that of a visible light
TRUE OR FALSE: the specimen that is being observed in a Transmission Electron Microscope should be very thin for the electron beam to pass through it
TRUE; when using a Transmission Electron Microscope, the specimen should be very thin so that the electron beam (light source) can pass through it.
a type of microscope that can magnify an image up to 1 million times
Transmission Electron Microscope
type of electron microscope that is capable of viewing the inferior of a cell
Transmission Electron Microscope
a type of microscope that is used to observe the outer surface of a specimen
Scanning Electron Microscope
these types of microscope have a built-in camera system
Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope
the color of images that the built-in camera of electron microscopes can produce
black & white
photographs taken from electron microscopes are called as
Transmission Electron Micrographs and Scanning Electron Micrographs
known as the most powerful microscope
Atomic Force Microscope
the main reason why Atomic Force Microscope is referred as the most powerful microscop
because of its ability to observe living cells at an extremely high magnification and resolution
Atomic Force Microscopy is also called as
Scanning Force Microscopy
it is the very-high-resolution type of Scanning Probe Microscopy
Atomic Force Microscopy or Scanning Force Microscopy
what is the formula for finding the Total Magnification
Ocular Lens Magnification x Objective Lens Magnification
