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Clinical Bacteriology > LAB: Microscopy > Flashcards

LAB: Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

size of bacteria and protozoa can be expressed in terms of what units?

A

micron or micrometers (μm or µ)

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2
Q

bacteria and protozoa are measured using what instrument?

A

ocular micrometer

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3
Q

define “ocular micrometer”

A

it is a tiny ruler within the eyepiece (ocular lens) of a light microscope, it is commonly used in measuring sizes of bacteria and protozoa.

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4
Q

the size of a virus can be identified using what unit of measurement?

A

nanometer

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5
Q

sizes of fungi, bacteria, and other unicellular parasites can be identified using what unit of measurement?

A

micrometers/microns

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6
Q

he was the first person to describe the characteristics and movement of microorganisms under a microscope

A

Anton Van Leeuwehoek

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7
Q

most of viruses has a diameter of ________________

A

0.01-0.3 μm

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8
Q

spherical bacteria are also called as

A

cocci

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9
Q

rod-shaped bacteria are commonly known as

A

bacilli

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10
Q

the average diameter of cocci is ________

A

1 μm

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11
Q

give examples of fungi

A

yeast, septate hyphae, aseptate hyphae

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12
Q

these are hyphae that has cross-walls

A

septate hyphae

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13
Q

hyphae without cross-walls

A

aseptate hyphae

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14
Q

difference between septate hyphae and aseptate hyphae

A

septate hyphae contain cross-walls while aseptate hyphae does not have cross-walls

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15
Q

it is the largest pond water protozoa (give max length when extended)

A

stentor (1,000-2,000 μm)

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16
Q

give examples of protozoans (6)

A
  1. chlamydomonas
  2. euglena
  3. vorticella
  4. paramecium
  5. volvoxa
  6. stentor
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17
Q

a type of microscope that has only one magnifying lens

A

simple microscope

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18
Q

it is an example of a simple microscope

A

magnifying glass

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19
Q

simple microscope can make an image how much size larger

A

3-20 times larger than the actual object

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20
Q

a type of microscope that has more than one magnifying lenses

A

compound microscope

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21
Q

they developed the first compound microscope

A

Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen

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22
Q

Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen made the first compound microscope in what year?

A

1950

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23
Q

define photomicrographs

A

these are type of photographs that are taken through the lens of a compound microscope.

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24
Q

what is the approximate wavelength of visible light used in compound light microscope

A

0.45 μm

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25
Q

part of a microscope that is located at the topmost part

A

ocular lens / eyepiece

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26
Q

magnification of an ocular lens

A

typically x10 or x15

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27
Q

it magnifies the image that is produced by the objective

A

ocular lens

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28
Q

it produces a virtual image that appears below or within the microscope

A

ocular lens

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29
Q

it holds the objective lenses

A

revolving nosepiece

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30
Q

it magnifies the specimen place on the stage

A

objective lenses

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31
Q

give the types of lenses under objective lens and their magnification

A
  • scanner - 4x
  • LPO - 10X
  • HPO - 40X
  • OIO - 100X
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32
Q

it is the flat surface of a microscope where the specimen is placed for viewing.

A

stage / mechanical stage

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33
Q

define mechanical stage (part of a microscope)

A

it is a part of a microscope where the specimen is placed for viewing, it holds the slide with the use a stage clip

34
Q

define stage adjustment knobs

A

these are used to move the stage and the slide

35
Q

it is used to move the stage and the microscope slide

A

stage adjustment knobs

36
Q

this is used to adjust the amount of light to improve the contrast

A

iris diaphragm

37
Q

it is used to regulate the amount of light passed on to the object that is being viewed

A

iris diaphragm

38
Q

it is used to focus the light on to the object that’s being viewed

A

condenser

39
Q

it contains glass lens or lens system which collects the light coming from the illuminator as it concentrate the light into a light cone onto the specimen

A

condenser

40
Q

define condenser

A

key terms:
- glass lens or lens system
- concentrates the light
- light cone

41
Q

it controls the amount of light emitted from the illuminator

A

rheostat control knob

42
Q

used to turn the light source on and off

A

light switch

43
Q

supports the whole microscope and it contains the light source

A

base

44
Q

it is used to adjust the height of the condenser

A

condenser control knob

45
Q

these are used to focus the objective lenses

A

fine and coarse adjustment knobs

46
Q

this is used to hold the eyepiece in their proper location

A

binocular body

47
Q

________________ are used to hold the ocular lenses

A

binocular body

48
Q

it’s a part of a microscope that supports the binocular body and the revolving nosepiece

A

arm

49
Q

a type of microscope were the object or the specimen is observed against a bright background

A

brightfield microscope

50
Q

it is typically used in the clinical laboratory where the specimen is viewed against a bright backgroud

A

brightfield microscope

51
Q

a type of microscope where instead of a typical condenser, it uses a darkfield condenser

A

dark-field or dark ground microscope

52
Q

a type of microscope where the object is illuminated against a dark background

A

dark-field or dark ground microscope

53
Q

enumerate all the objective lenses and their total magnification

A
  • scanning - 40x
  • LPO - 100x
  • HPO - 400x
  • OIO - 1000x
54
Q

it is the causative agent of syphilis and it can be viewed under darkfield microscope

A

Treponema pallidum

55
Q

Treponema pallidum cannot be easily stained; what tests are used for the diagnosis of syphilis?

A

serological test and microscopy using darkfield or dark ground microscope

56
Q

these are the types of microscope that has the ability to observe unstained microorganisms

A
  • phase-contrast microscope
  • darkfield mciroscope
57
Q

a type of microscope that can also observe the cellular processes of an organism

A

phase-contrast microscope

58
Q

a type of microscope that has a built-in UV light source

A

fluorescence microscope

59
Q

staining is not included in this microscopy

A

darkfield (ground) microscopy

60
Q

it is any substance that triggers the immune system to produce an antibody against it

A

antigen

61
Q

it is a protein produced by the immune system to attack and fight against the antigen

A

antibody

62
Q

a type of microscope that is often used in immunology laboratory in order to demonstrate that antibodies that are stained with fluorescence dye have combined with a specific antigen

A

fluorescence microscope

63
Q

these are types of microscopes that are capable of viewing viurses

A

electron microscopes

64
Q

a type of microscope that uses electron beam as a light source and a magnet to focus the beam

A

electron microscope

65
Q

what is the use electron beam in electron microscopes

A

source of illumination

66
Q

it is used to focus the electron beam in an electron microscope

A

magnet

67
Q

what are the two types of electron microscope?

A
  • transmission electron microscope (TEM)
  • scanning electron microscope (SEM)
68
Q

this type of microscope has higher resolving power than a compound light microscope

A

electron microscope

69
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the wavelength of an electron traveling in a vacuum is greater than the wavelength of a visible light

A

FALSE; the wavelength of an electron that is traveling in vacuum is much shorter than that of a visible light

70
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the specimen that is being observed in a Transmission Electron Microscope should be very thin for the electron beam to pass through it

A

TRUE; when using a Transmission Electron Microscope, the specimen should be very thin so that the electron beam (light source) can pass through it.

71
Q

a type of microscope that can magnify an image up to 1 million times

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

72
Q

type of electron microscope that is capable of viewing the inferior of a cell

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

73
Q

a type of microscope that is used to observe the outer surface of a specimen

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

74
Q

these types of microscope have a built-in camera system

A

Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope

75
Q

the color of images that the built-in camera of electron microscopes can produce

A

black & white

76
Q

photographs taken from electron microscopes are called as

A

Transmission Electron Micrographs and Scanning Electron Micrographs

77
Q

known as the most powerful microscope

A

Atomic Force Microscope

78
Q

the main reason why Atomic Force Microscope is referred as the most powerful microscop

A

because of its ability to observe living cells at an extremely high magnification and resolution

79
Q

Atomic Force Microscopy is also called as

A

Scanning Force Microscopy

80
Q

it is the very-high-resolution type of Scanning Probe Microscopy

A

Atomic Force Microscopy or Scanning Force Microscopy

81
Q

what is the formula for finding the Total Magnification

A

Ocular Lens Magnification x Objective Lens Magnification

Clinical Bacteriology (9 decks)

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