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HEMATOLOGY > [LAB] Hemoglobinometry > Flashcards

[LAB] Hemoglobinometry Flashcards

1
Q

PH OF CELLULOSE ACETATE IN HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS

A

PH 8.6

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2
Q

GEL MEDIA USED IN HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS

A

CELLULOSE ACETATE
CITRATE AGAR

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3
Q

PH OF CITRATE AGAR IN HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS

A

PH 6.2

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4
Q

OTHER TERMS FOR THE GRAVIMETRIC METHOD

A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY METHOD
COPPER SULFATE METHOD

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5
Q

METHOD THAT IS BASED ON THE ESTIMATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BLOOD

A

GRAVIMETRIC METHOD

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6
Q

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COPPER SULFATE

A

1.053

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7
Q

HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN GRAVIMETRIC METHOD

A

12.5 G/DL

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8
Q

DESCRIBE THE PROCEDURE OF THE GRAVIMETRIC METHOD

A

Drop blood into a copper sulfate solution
Observe the rise and fall of blood within a few seconds

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9
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD]
SUBSTANCE THAT ENCASES BLOOD

A

COPPER PROTEINATE

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10
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD]
FUNCTION OF COPPER PROTEINATE

A

PREVENTS THE DISPERSION OF FLUID FOR 15 SECONDS

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11
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD]
SUBSTANCE THAT PREVENTS THE DISPERSION OF FLUID FOR 15 SECONDS

A

COPPER PROTEINATE

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12
Q

TIME LIMIT BEFORE FLUID DISPERSION OCCURS UPON CONTACT WITH COPPPER PROTEINATE

A

15 SECONDS

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13
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
IF THE DROP OF BLOOD FALLS IN A FEW SECONDS

A

BLOOD HAS A GREATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY

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14
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
IF THE DROP OF BLOOD RISES IN A FEW SECONDS

A

BLOOD HAS A LESSER SPECIFIC GRAVITY

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15
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
IF THE DROP OF BLOOD REMAINS SUSPENDED FOR ABOUT 15 SECONDS AND THEN FALLS

A

BLOOD HAS THE SAME SPECIFIC GRAVITY AS THE SOLUTION

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16
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
RESULT WHEN BLOOD HAS A GREATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

BLOOD FALLS WITHIN A FEW SECONDS

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17
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
RESULT WHEN BLOOD HAS A LOWER SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

BLOOD RISES IN A FEW SECONDS

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18
Q

[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
RESULT WHEN BLOOD HAS THE SAME SPECIFIC GRAVITY AS THE SOLUTION

A

BLOOD REMAINS SUSPENDED FOR ABOUT 15 SECONDS
THEN FALLS

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19
Q

METHOD USED BY BLOOD BANKS AS A SCREENING TEST FOR BLOOD DONORS

A

GRAVIMETRIC METHOD

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20
Q

METHOD THAT IS CAPABLE OF ESTIMATING HB WITHIN ~0.5 G/DL

A

GRAVIMETRIC METHOD

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21
Q

INSTRUMENT USED IN THE GASOMETRIC METHOD

A

VAN SLYKE APPARATUS

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22
Q

[GASOMETRIC METHOD]
SOLUTION USED TO HEMOLYSE BLOOD

A

SAPONIN

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23
Q

METHOD THAT IS BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN EACH SAMPLE OF BLOOD

A

GASOMETRIC METHOD

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24
Q

[GASOMETRIC METHOD]
FUNCTION OF SAPONIN

A

HEMOLYZE BLOOD

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25
Q

OXYGEN COMBINING CAPACITY OF BLOOD

A

1.34 ML O2 PER GRAM OF HGB

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26
Q

EQUATION FOR FINDING THE HB CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD

A

VOLUME OF O2 PER 100 ML BLOOD/1.34

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27
Q

PRINCIPLE OF THE GRAVIMETRIC METHOD

A

ESTIMATE THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BLOOD

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28
Q

PRINCIPLE OF THE GASOMETRIC METHOD

A

BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN EACH SAMPLE OF BLOOD

BLOOD COMBINES WITH AND LIBERATES A FIXED QUANTITY OF OXYGEN

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29
Q

PRINCIPLE OF THE CHEMICAL METHOD

A

TOTAL IRON CONTENT OF BLOOD IS BOUND TO HEMOGLOBIN

THUS MEASUREMENT OF THE IRON CONTENT REFLECTS THE AMOUNT OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE BLOOD

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30
Q

HEMOGLOBIN MEASURING METHOD BASED ON THE IRON CONTENT IN A GIVEN AMOUNT OF BLOOD

A

CHEMICAL METHOD
WONG’S METHOD

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31
Q

IRON CONTENT OF HEMOGLOBIN

A

0.347%
1G OR 1000 MG OF HB = 3.47 MG OF IRON

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32
Q

METHOD THAT IS THE ICSH STANDARD

A

WONG’S METHOD

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33
Q

[WONG’S METHOD]
SOLUTION USED TO TREAT BLOOD

A

SULFURIC ACID
POTASSIUM PERSULFATE

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34
Q

[WONG’S METHOD]
FUNCTION OF SULFURIC ACID AND POTASSIUM PERSULFATE

A

DETACHES IRON FROM HEMOGLOBIN

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35
Q

[WONG’S METHOD]
SUBSTANCE USED TO PRECIPITATE PROTEINS

A

TUNGSTIC ACID

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36
Q

[WONG’S METHOD]
FUNCTION OF TUNGSTIC ACID

A

PRECIPITATE PROTEIN

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37
Q

[WONG’S METHOD]
APPARATUS USED TO MEASURE THE IRON CONTENT

A

COLORIMETER

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38
Q

[WONG’S METHOD]
EQUATION USED TO CALCULATE FOR HB

A

AMOUNT OF IRON IN MG PER 100 ML BLOOD/ 1.34

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39
Q

IRON CONTENT OF HB PER 100 G OR 100 ML OF BLOOD

A

0.347%
3.47 G

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40
Q

[COLORIMETRIC METHODS]
DIRECT MATCHING METHODS

A

TALLQVIST HEMOGLOBIN SCALE
DARE’S HEMOGLOMINOMETER
SPENCER HEMOGLOBINOMETER

41
Q

METHOD THAT COMPARES THE COLOR OF FRESH BLOOD WITH A COLORED STANDARD REPRESENTING KNOWN QUANTITIES OF HEMOGLOBIN

A

DIRECT MATCHING METHOD

42
Q

METHOD THAT DROPS A BLOOD ON FILTER PAPER AND MATCHES IT WITH A COLOR COMPARISON CHART

A

TALLQVIST METHOD

43
Q

DESCRIBE THE TALLQVIST METHOD

A

METHOD THAT DROPS A BLOOD ON FILTER PAPER AND MATCHES IT WITH A COLOR COMPARISON CHART

44
Q

[TALLQVIST METHOD]
COLOR SCALE GRADE

45
Q

[TALLQVIST METHOD]
DISADVANTAGES

A

ERRONEUS DUE TO SUBJECTIVITY
PERCENTAGES ARE NOT ACCURATE

46
Q

METHOD THAT MATCHES THE BLOOD WITH A ROTATING DISK ON TINTED GLASS VARYING IN THICKNESS AND RED COLOR INTENSITY

A

DARE’S HEMOGLOBINOMETER METHOD

47
Q

DESCRIBE THE DARE HEMOGLOMINOMETER METHOD

A

METHOD THAT MATCHES THE BLOOD WITH A ROTATING DISK ON TINTED GLASS VARYING IN THICKNESS AND RED COLOR INTENSITY

48
Q

[DARE’S METHOD]
BLOOD IS DRAWN BY WHAT ACTION

A

CAPILLARY ACTION

49
Q

[DARE’S METHOD]
INSTRUMENT WHERE BLOOD IS DRAWN IN

A

SMALL GLASS CHAMBER
TWO GLASS PLATES

50
Q

METHOD THAT COMPARES THE TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT THROUGH A LAYER OF HEMOLYZED BOOD WITH A STANDARDIZED GLASS WEDGE

A

SPENCER HEMOGLOBINOMETER

51
Q

SPENCER’S HEMOGLOMINOMETER METHOD

A

METHOD THAT COMPARES THE TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT THROUGH A LAYER OF HEMOLYZED BOOD WITH A STANDARDIZED GLASS WEDGE

52
Q

METHOD THAT IS LESS ACCURATE THAN SAHLI’S METHOD

A

SPENCER’S METHOD

53
Q

[SPENCER’S METHOD]
DISADVANTAGE

A

DIFFICULT FOR THE HUMAN EYE TO ACCURATELY GRADE AND MATCH SMALL DIFFERENCE IN RED COLOR THAN BROWN COLOR OF ACID HEMATIN

54
Q

[SPENCER’S METHOD]
WAVELENGTH TRANSMISSION AND COLOR SEEN

A

540 NM
GREEN COLOR

55
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]
THE INTENSITY OF COLOR IS MEASURED IN THE SPENCER METHOD

A

FALSE
INTENSITY OF LIGHT IS MEASURED

56
Q

METHOD THAT COMPARES THE COLOR OF BLOOD ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AGAINST A PRINTED SCALE OF COLORS WITH CORRESPONDING HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS

A

WHO HEMOGLOBIN
COLOR SCALE METHOD

57
Q

[WHO METHOD]
RANGE OF HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS

A

4 TO 14 G/DL

58
Q

METHOD THAT READS THE CONCENTRATION OF HB DIRECTLY FROM THE GRAM SCALE ETCHED ON A TUBE

A

ACID HEMATIN METHOD

59
Q

DESCIBE THE ACID HEMATIN METHOD

A

METHOD THAT READS THE CONCENTRATION OF HB DIRECTLY FROM THE GRAM SCALE ETCHED ON A TUBE

60
Q

[ACID HEMATIN METHOD]
SUBSTANCE USED TO HEMOLYZE THE RED CELLS AND CONVERT HB TO A BROWNISH YELLOW SOLUTION

61
Q

[ACID HEMATIN METHOD]
FUNCTION OF 0.1N HCl

A

HEMOLYZES RED CELLS
CONVERTS HEMOGLOBIN TO A BROWNISH YELLOW SOLUTION

62
Q

[ACID HEMATIN METHOD]
COLOR OF ACID HEMATIN

A

BROWNISH YELLOW

63
Q

[ACID HEMATIN METHOD]
OTHER PROCEDURES

A

SAHLI-HELIGE
HAIDEN-HAUSSER
SAHLI-ADAMS
OSGOOD-HASKIN
HLADANE
NEWCOMER

64
Q

INACTIVE HEMOGLOBIN COMPONENTS ARE CONVERTED TO HEMATIN IN THIS METHOD

A

ALKALI HEMATIN METHOD

65
Q

[ALKALI HEMATIN METHOD]
COLOR OF ALKALI HEMATIN

A

BLUE-GREEN

66
Q

[ALKALI HEMATIN METHOD]
DISADVANTAGE

A

WILL NOT ACCURATELY MEASURE THE HB OF AN INFANT

67
Q

WHY WONT THE ALKALI METHOD ACCURATELY MEASURE INFANT HEMOGLOBIN

A

INFANT BLOOD CONTAINS ALKALI RESISTANT FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

68
Q

THE PRINCIPLE OF ALKALI’S METHOD IS USED IN WHAT OTHER METHODS

A

STANDARD METHOD (GIBSON AND HARRISON’S STANDARD SOLUTION)
CLEGG AND KING METHOD

69
Q

ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF THE ALKALI METHOD

A

HARBOE METHOD

70
Q

METHOD THAT MEASURES PLASMA HB AT 415 NM

A

HARBOE METHOD

71
Q

METHOD THAT USES BENSIDINE DERIVATIVES WHERE HB CATALYZES THE RAPID OXIDATION OF BENZIDINE BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

A

METHOD OF NAUMANN

72
Q

MORE SENSITIVE METHOD BUT MORE INACCURATE BECAUSE NORMAL PLASMA CONTAINS H2O2 INHIBITORS AND BENZIDINE IS CARCINOGENIC

A

METHOD OF NAUMANN

73
Q

PRINCIPLE OF THE OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD

A

AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE OR SODIUM CARBONATE CONVERTS HB TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN AND THE COLOR PRODUCED IS MEASURED AT 540 NM

74
Q

METHOD THAT USES AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE OR SODIUM CARBONATE TO CONVERT HB TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN AND MEASURES THE COLOR PRODUCED AT 540 NM

A

OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD

75
Q

[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
SOLUTIONS USED TO CONVERT HB TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN

A

0.1% SODIUM CARBONATE
0.007N AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

76
Q

[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
FUNCTION OF SODIUM CARBONATE AND AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

A

CONVERT HB TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN

77
Q

[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
COLOR OF THE FILTER USED

78
Q

[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
WAVELENGTH USED TO MEASURE OXYHEMOGLOBIN

79
Q

[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
BLANK SOLUTION

A

0.007N AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

80
Q

OTHER TERMS FOR THE CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD

A

HEMIGLOBINCYANIDE METHOD

81
Q

PRINCIPLE OF THE CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD

A

HEMOGLOBIN IS OXIDIZED TO METHEMOGLOBIN BY POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE
POTASSIUM CYANIDE CONVERTS METHEMOGLOBIN TO CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN

82
Q

COMPONENTS OF DRABKIN’S REAGENT

A

POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE
POTASSIUM CYANIDE
SODIUM BICARBONATE
SURFACTANT

83
Q

[DRABKIN’S SOLUTION]
FUNCTION OF POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE

A

CONVERT HGB TO METHEMOGLOBIN

84
Q

[DRABKIN’S SOLUTION]
FUNCTION OF POTASSIUMCYANIDE

A

CONVERT METHEMOGLOBIN TO CYANMETHEMOGOBIN

85
Q

[DRABKIN’S SOLUTION]
FUNCTION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR TRICHTON X

A

PRESERVATIVE

86
Q

[DRABKIN’S SOLUTION]
SUBSTANCES USED AS SURFACTANTS

A

DIHYDROGEN POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE

87
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
WAVELENGTH OF THE SOLUTION

88
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
SOLUTION USED TO COMPARE THE SAMPLE WITH

A

HYDROGEN CYANIDE SOLUTION

89
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
EXPOSURE OF CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN TO LIGHT

A

FALSE DECREASE
Store in a brown bottle or in a dark place to avoid light exposure and degradation.

90
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
HIGH WBC/PLT COUNT

A

FALSE INCREASE
Can cause turbidiry
Centrifuge the reagent-sample solution and measure the supernatant

91
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
VOLUME AT WHICH WBC CAN CAUSE INTERFERENCES

A

WBC COUNT > 20 3 109/L
PLT COUNT > 700 3 109/L

92
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
LIPEMIA

A

FALSE INCREASE
Causes turbidity
Add 0.01 mL of patient plasma to 5 mL of cyanmethemoglobin reagent
Use solution as reagent blank

93
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
CELLS CONTAINING HbS and HbC

A

FALSE INCREASE
Resistant to hemolysis
Causes turbidity

Make a 1:2 dilution with distilled water
Multiply results from the standard curve by 2

94
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
ABNORMAL GLOBULINS

A

FALSE INCREASE
May precipitate in the reagent

Add 0.1g of potassium carbonate to cyanmethemoglobin reagent

95
Q

ABNORMAL GLOBULINS ARE FOUND IN PATIENTS WITH WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS

A

PLASMA CELL MYELOMA
WALDENSTROM’S MACROGLOBULINEMIA

96
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH PLASMA CELL MYELOMA OR WALDENSTROM’S MACROGLOBULINEMIA

A

FALSE INCREASE
Abnormal globulins present
May precipitate in the reagent

Add 0.1g of potassium carbonate to cyanmethemoglobin reagent

97
Q

[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN

A

ERRONEOUS RESULTS
Takes 1 hour to convert to cyanmethemoglobin

98
Q

IN WHAT KIND OF PATIENT CAN ERRONEOUS RESULTS ARISE DUE TO CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN

A

PATIENTS WHO ARE HEAVY SMOKERS

HEMATOLOGY (13 decks)

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