Lab Final Review - Week #3 Flashcards
List the 7 nutritional needs of microbial cells:
- carbon 2. nitrogen 3. nonmetallic elements 4. metallic elements 5. vitamins 6. water 7. energy
Why do microbial cells need carbon?
Because carbon is the most essential and central atom common to all cellular structures and functions
What are the two types of carbon dependent groups?
- autotrophs => can be cultivated in a medium of soley inorganic compounds, they use inorganic carbon in the form of CO2
- heterotrophs => these organisms must be supplied with organic nutrients, primarily glucose
Why do microorganisms need nitrogen?
because it is an essential atom in important macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids
What are the 3 ways in which microorganisms can attain nitrogen?
- atmospheric nitrogen
- inorganic compounds (ammoniun or nitrate salts)
- organic compounds like amino acids
What do microorganism use nonmetallic elements for?
Cellular nutririon
What are the two major nonmetallic elements sued?
Sulfur => integral to proteins
Phosphorous => necessary for nucleic acid formation and ATP
What do microorganisms use metallic elements for?
For continued efficient performance of varied cellular activities
What do microorganisms use vitamins for?
For cell activities and as coenzymes
What do microorganisms use water for?
They need water so that the low-molecular-weight nutrients can cross the cell membrane
Why do microorganisms need energy?
In order to carry out metabolic activites
What are the 2 types bioenergetic microorganims and where do they get their energy source?
- phototrophs => use radiant energy
2. chemotrophs => depend on oxidation of chemical compounds as
What are the 3 most influential physical factors on microbial growth and survival?
- temperature => influences enzyme activity. Generally 70 C destroys enzymes leading to cell death
- pH of the extracellular environment => affects enzymatic activity
- gaseous requirement => usually oxygen
What is special-purpose media made of?
It contains both nutrients and chemical compounds important for specific metabolic pathways in different types of bacteria.
What are 5 functions of special-purpose media?
- isolation 2. differentiation 3. enumeration 4. assay of naturally occurring substances 5. characterization and identification
List 3 types of special-purpose media?
- selective
- differential/selective media
- enriched media
Selective media
Used to isolate (select) specific groups of bacteria. It can do this because it contains chemical substances which allow for the growth of one type of bacteria while inhibiting the growth of another