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Hematolgy > Lab final > Flashcards

Lab final Flashcards

1
Q

When would you expect to see a smudge cell?

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

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2
Q

when would see Auer rods?

A

Blasts (if there is one it can not be a lymphoblast)

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3
Q

what is associated with meta or myelocyetes

A

chronic leukemia

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4
Q

when do you see toxic granulation?

A

bacterial infections

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5
Q

when would you see Dohle bodies?

A

bacterial infections, pregnancy, leukomoid

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6
Q

when would you see promyelocytes?

A

chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)

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7
Q

when do you see Eosinophils?

A

Hodgkins Lymphoma

alleriges

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8
Q

what are clumpy neutrophils also know as?

A

Pelger-Huet (dumbell shaped)

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9
Q

what dieses is associated with a typical lymhs?

A

IM

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10
Q

what are pappenheimer bodies made of?

A

iron

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11
Q

what disease would u see hypersegmentation?

A

pernicious anemia

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12
Q

which anemia is not an iron deficiency?

A

aplastic anemia

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13
Q

normal value for Hgb?

A

13-17

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14
Q

normal value for Hct?

A

30-50

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15
Q

normal value for MCHC?

A

32-36

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16
Q

normal value for MCH?

A

27-32

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17
Q

normal value for MCV?

A

80-90

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18
Q

normal count for EOS?

A

150-300

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19
Q

normal count for platelets?

A

150,000-400,000

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20
Q

normal count for retics?

A

0.5-2%

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21
Q

normal count for RBC

A

millions

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22
Q

normal count for WBC

A

5,000-10,000

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23
Q

what diluents was used for the manual EOS count?

A

philoxine

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24
Q

what diluent was used for the manual count of retics?

A

new methyl blue

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25
Q

what diluent was used for the manual count of platelets?

A

ammonium oxalate

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26
Q

what diluent was used for the manual count of RBCs?

A

saline/NaCl

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27
Q

what diluent was used for the manual count of WBCs?

A

acetic acid

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28
Q

what is the dilution of EOS count

A

1:32

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29
Q

what is the dilution of platelet count

A

1:100

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30
Q

what is the diution for retic counts?

A

1;2

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31
Q

what is the dilution for RBC counts?

A

1:200

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32
Q

what is the dilution for WBC counts?

A

1:20

33
Q

principle of sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

measures the suspension stability of the red cells

34
Q

what are 2 methods for measuring ESR?

A

westergren and wintrobe

35
Q

what is the normal ESR value for men?

A

0-15 mm/hr

36
Q

what is the normal ESR value for women?

A

0-20 mm/hr

37
Q

red cells are exposed to decreasing concentration of saline to observe the point of complete hemolysis

A

osmotic fragiity

38
Q

when would you see a decreased osmotic fragility?

A

sickle cell
thalassemia
liver disease

39
Q

when would you see an increased osmotic fragility?

A

hereditary sperocytosis

40
Q

expose the red cells to a reducing agent and hemoglobin S is in soluable positive test cloudy/turbid. Negative test with no Hemoglobin S is clear.

A

tube solubility method for SCA

41
Q

measures effective erythropoiesis. Used to evaluate/diagnose anemia.

A

retic count

42
Q

state 2 reasons for performing a retic count?

A

count and classify 100 WBCs

observe RBC morphology

43
Q

how do you calculate a total cell count?

A

cells counted x recipricol of dilution x 1/vol counted

44
Q

volme of a 1 small square?

A

0.004 mm^3

45
Q

volume of a large square?

A

0.1 mm^3

46
Q

how could you vary the counting procedure if you had to count (manually) an extermely high WBC count?

A

use a red cell pipette to make a 1:100 or 1:200 dilution

47
Q

name the most commonly used anticoagulant for blood specimens to be used for coagulation testing and be able to tell how it works

A

sodium citrate binds calcium

48
Q

why do you need to perform coagulation testing within two hours after specimen collection?

A

loss of laibile factors

49
Q

reagents used for PT and PTT

A

PT thromboplastin/CaCl mix

PTT platelet-substitute and CaCl

50
Q

normal range for PT and PTT

A

PT 10-14 secs

PTT less than 35 secs

51
Q

system of coag for PT and PTT

A

PT extrinsic system

PTT intrinsic method

52
Q

clinical of PT and PTT

A

PT monitor cumadin (warfin) therapy

PTT Heparin therapy

53
Q

principle of fibrometer

A

when clot forms it completes circut and turns off timer

54
Q

principle of CoaDATA 2000

A

change in optical density detects the clot

55
Q

name 2 functions of the automatic pipette

A

despenses reagents and turns on timer

56
Q

name 2 functions of the probe arm of the fibrometer

A

holds the electrodes

mixes the reagents and senses the clot

57
Q

what is the site of venipuncture for the Duke method?

A

ears 1-3 mins

58
Q

what is the site of the ivy method?

A

forearm 1-7 mins

59
Q

Why would you use the PT and PTT tests?

A

PT check for intrinsic factor
PTT check for extrinsic factor
they both meausure bleeding time which measures platelet function

60
Q

what is the only factor that will give an increased TT?

A

fiibrinogen (fator 1)

61
Q

if normal plasma fails to correct an abnormal PT and PTT what is the best explanation for the results?

A

circulating anticoagulant/antibody to a clotting factor

62
Q

what meausres platelet function?

A

bleeding time

63
Q

what meaures stage 1 of coag?

A

PTT

64
Q

what meausres stage 2 of coag

A

PT

65
Q

what measures fibrinolysis?

A

FDP

D-dimer

66
Q

what are the factors of absorbed plasma?

A

I, V, VIII, XI, XII

lacks vitamin K

67
Q

what are the factors of aged serum?

A

II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

contains vitamin K

68
Q

what are the factors of labile?

A

V, VIII

69
Q

what are vitamin K dependent factors?

A

II, VII, IX, X

70
Q

what is the use of the PT and PTT substitution tests?

A

to narrow down possible coag factors that are deficient

71
Q

why would you not perform a series of specific factor assays?

A

expensive and time consuming

72
Q

what are some possible sources of error in coag testing?

A

improper ratio of anticoagulant to blood
room temp too long
expired reagents
hemolyzed specimen

73
Q

why should a dr order presugical coag screening tests?

A

if patient has low-normal range
bleeding out could occur. Could decrease to a critically low level.
normal range 50-150%
decreased range 30-40%

74
Q

why is it important for a hospital to establish iits own normal range for the PT and PTT and how would a dr utilize this information?

A

each hospital uses different reagents, instruments and has different patient population.
Doctors want patients to be 1.5-2.5 times the normal range

75
Q

if a patient has an increased PTT and an increased BT what is the diagnosis and how could you prove it?

A

Factor VII Von Wildenbrands disease

prove with factor VII assay or substitution test

76
Q

what is the antidote for coumadin? for heprin?

A

vitamin K

Protamine sulfate

77
Q

what is the INR and how is it used in the lab?

A

international normalized ratio

regulates/compares PTs sone in different labs

78
Q

what tests did we do in lab that are used primarily in the diagnosis of fibrinolysis?

A

FDP

D-Dimer

Hematolgy (7 decks)

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