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Hematolgy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how is the promyelocyte differentiated from the myeloblast?

A

promyelocyte has azurophilic (primary) granules

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2
Q

at what stage does differentiation of the granules of the cells of the myelocytic series take place?

A

myelocyte

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3
Q

how is the metamyelocyte differentiated from the myelocyte?

A

shape of the nucleus:
meta—> kidney bean shaped
myelo—> round

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4
Q

how is the band differentiated from the metamyelocyte?

A

shape of the nucleus:
band–>horse shoe shaped (uniform thickness)
meta—> kidney bean shaped

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5
Q

what cells contain granules that retain the acid portion of Wrights’s stain?

A

eosinophil

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6
Q

substance produced by granules of the eosinophil?

A

anti-histamine (basophils produce histamine)

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7
Q

what cells contains granules that are not uniform in shape, stain with the basic portion of Wrights’s stain and which may cover the nucleus?

A

basophils

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8
Q

what are mast cells?

A

tissue basophils

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9
Q

where do B cells originate?

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

where do T cells orginate?

A

thymus

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11
Q

how can you distinguish between T cells and B cells?

A

surface markers

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12
Q

during blastic transformation, B cells become what?

A

plasma cells

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13
Q

what cell has an eccentric nucleus with clumpled chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm, and a clear perinuclear halo (hof)?

A

plasma cell

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14
Q

where are plasma cells normally found?

A

bone marrow

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15
Q

what cellular organelle is associated with the hof?

A

golgi apparatus

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16
Q

monocytes circulate in the peripheral blood but are known as_____or ______ in the tissues

A

marcrophages or histocytes

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17
Q

where do monos originate?

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

monocyte appearance of chromatin, shape of nucleus, color of cytoplasm, prescence of pseudopodia or vacuoles

A

folded, irregular, lobulate nucleus, slate gray cytoplasm, vacuoles

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19
Q

what is the function of the monocyte

A

phagocytosis

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20
Q

characteristics that can be observed in neutrophils during inflammation, infection, or other toxic states and describe their apperance

A

Dohle bodies: RNA
toxic granules: blue/black granules in cytoplasm
toxic vacuoles: holes in cytoplasm

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21
Q

what are russell bodies?

A

aggregates of immunoglobulin that stain red

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22
Q

Alder-Reilly

A

abnormal azurophilic granulation

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23
Q

May-Hegglin

A

weird platelets, dohle like inclusions blue staining

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24
Q

Pelger-Huet

A

dumbbell shaped hyposegmentation of neutrophils

25
Q

what is the normal WBC count?

A

5-10 thousand

26
Q

if blood is drawn to the 0.5 mark and diluent to the 11 in a white blood pipette, what is the resuting dilution?

A

standard WBC count; 1:20 dilution

27
Q

given the number of cells counted on both sides of the hemocytometer, how could you determine the WBC count on the performance of a standard WBC count?

A

average of both counts X 50

28
Q

what effect does hemolysis have on a WBC count?

A

none

29
Q

several sources of error in the performance of manual WBC count

A 
too much blood/diluent
overfill/underfill
hemocytometer
cracks
edema
dirty hemocytometer
30
Q

how does the normal WBC count vary during the day?

A

WBCs hang on wall at night and come off during movement during the day (margination)

31
Q

what is the normal eosinophil count?

A

77-440

32
Q

what can cause an increased or decreased eosinophil count?

A

increased: hypoadrenalism, allergies, parasitic infections, skin disorders, blood diseases
decreased: anemia, hyperadrenalism, IM, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia

33
Q

to compensate for the normally low number of eosinophils, what adjustments in the procedure is made when doing a manual eos count?

A

increase the volume counted

entire hemocytometer

34
Q

name two other hemocytometers that can be used for eosinophil and basophil counts

A

speirs/Levy

Fuchs-rosenthal

35
Q

several factors that can results in an excessively pink Wrights stained smear

A

too acidic-overwashed or under staining

36
Q

factors that can result in an excessively blue smear

A

too alkaline-underwashed or overstained

37
Q

3 things are always performed when doing a differential count?

A

RBC morphology
count and classify 100 cells
platelet count estimation

38
Q

what is the most common type of WBC in a normal smear?

A

segmented neutrophils

39
Q

the least common WBC?

A

basophils

40
Q

the most common WBC in a child?

A

lymphocytes

41
Q

What is a “shift to the left” and in what conditions is it likely to occur?

A 
increase in young cells (increase in bands) 
occurs in CML (infection)
leukemia
bacterial infections
inflammation
pregnancy
42
Q

what is the largest WBC in a normal peripheral blood smear?

A

monocyte

43
Q

which cells are classified as NRBCs on a PBS?

A

blast cells, prorubricytes, rubricytes, metarubricytes

44
Q

if large numbers or NRBCs are observed on a PBS, what effect will this have on the WBC count?

A

they are counted as WBCs this will increase the WBC count (may falsely increase the WBC count)

45
Q

how can you correct a WBC count?

A

(WBCx100)/(100+NRBCs)

46
Q

where are platelets produced?

A

bone marrow

47
Q

what is the largest blood cells normally produced by the body?

A

megakaryocyte

48
Q

what is the endomitotic division?

A

nucleus divides, cytoplasm just enlarges, multinucleated cell

49
Q

what is the normal platelet count?

A

150000-400000/mm3

50
Q

what method employs the phase contrast microscope in couting platelets?

A

Brecker Cronkite

51
Q

how is a manual platelet count calculated using the Unopette method?

A 
entire square=0.1^3
1:100 dilution
0.1/100=1000
#cells x 1000
52
Q

what criteria is used to estimate platelets in a PBS?

A

100x oil objective in area where RBCs barely touch. 7-22 platelets per OIF considered normal platelet count.

53
Q

reddish purple in blast inclusion

A

Auer rod

54
Q

pale blue remenants of RNA

A

Dohle bodies

55
Q

decreased segmentation of neutrophils

A

Pelger-Huet

56
Q

Azurophilic granulation of all white cells

A

Alder-Reilly

57
Q

dark blueish black cytoplasm granules

A

toxic granulation

58
Q

what do you used a differential for

A

to monitor therapy
picture of overall health
diagonosis of disease

Hematolgy (7 decks)

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