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Hematolgy > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of acute leukemia?

A 
progresses rapidly
anemia
thrombocytopenia
mostly mature cells
can be seen in all ages (most common in children)
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2
Q

what are the characteristics ?of chronic leukemia?

A

occurs mostly in adults, progresses slowly, mature cells in peripheral blood

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3
Q

what environmental factors can increase the incidence of leukemia?

A 
chemicals
ionizing radiation
infections or disease processes
genetic factors
hormones
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4
Q

what is the FAB classifications?

A

(French American British) classifies acute leukemias

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5
Q

what cyochemical stains or cellular constituents are used to diagnose AML?

A

sudan black B positive
peroxidase positive
LAP decreased
Auer rods maybe present

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6
Q

which leukemia is associated with an increased incidence of bleeding disorders?

A

APL acute promyelectitic leukemia due to abnormal granules

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7
Q

what is Naegli’s leukemia and what are its characteristics?

A

AMML (acute myelomonocitic leukemia). Myelomoncyte is the predominant cells. All stages of monocytes are seen.

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8
Q

what cytochemical stains are positive in ALL

A

PAS (periodic Acid -Schiff) and TdT

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9
Q

what cytochemical stains are positive in ALL

A

PAS (periodic Acid -Schiff) and TdT

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10
Q

What cytochemical stains are positive in AMoL?

A

Non-specific esterase, completely inhibited by fluoride

Peroxidase

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11
Q

What cytochemical stains are positive in AMoL?

A

Non-specific esterase, completely inhibited by fluoride

Peroxidase

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12
Q

What cytochemical
stains are positive
in AMML?

A

both SE (specific es terase) and nonspecific
is weakly pos itive
not completely inhibited by fluoride
Peroxidase

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13
Q

What cytochemical
stains are positive
in
Erythroleukemia?

A

PAS

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14
Q 
Characterize CML
according to the
following: predominant
cells seenona
differential, bone
marrow cellularity,
percentage of blasts,
number of eos and
basos, frequency of blast
crisis
A 
all s tages of granulocytes ,
peak in myelocytes and
neutrophils , bone marrow
100%, blas ts 10% or les s ,
increased up to 10% eos and
basos , 70% blas t cris is
(usually terminates in blas t
cris is ). Lots of myelocytes ,
bands and segs
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15
Q

What type of leukemia is
most frequently seenin
children? Inmiddle age?
Inolder patients?

A

ALL
CML
CLL

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16
Q

What does the PBS in

CLL usually show?

A

BS: small very mature
lymphs , smudge cells ,
increased eos , basos , and all
stages of granulocytes

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17
Q

What does PBS in CLL usually show in bone marrow?

A

sheets of small
lymphs will be seen (40-
100%)

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18
Q

what leukemia is characterized by “fluffy”, undifferentiated cells?

A

stem cell leukemia

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19
Q

what is another name for erythroleukemia?

A

DeGuglielmo’s syndrome

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20
Q

Erythroleukemia usually terminates in what?

A

AML

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21
Q

what are the characteristics of myeloid metaplasia?

A 
tear drop cells - indicates
extramedullary
hematopoies is , bizarre
platelets , anemia, bone
marrow has been replaced by
noncellular elements
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22
Q

what are the characteristics of leukemoid reactions?

A 
young white cells
shift to the left
LAP would be increased
Dohle bodies
toxic granulation
toxic vacuoles
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23
Q

what are the characteristics of leukemoid reactions?

A 
young white cells
shift to the left
LAP would be increased
Dohle bodies
toxic granulation
toxic vacuoles
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24
Q

name several causes of leukopenia

A 
viral infections , severe
neutropenia, radiation, certain
bacterial infections ,
immunosuppres ses , certain
drugs
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25
Q

what is agranulocytosis?

A

severe reduction in
neutrophils with a marked
leukopenia

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26
Q

what are the WBC, RBC and platelet counts for agranulocytosis?

A

WBC-2000 or less -
decreased
platelets -adequate
RBC-normal

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27
Q

what are the WBC, RBC and platelet counts for agranulocytosis?

A

WBC-2000 or less -
decreased
platelets -adequate
RBC-normal

28
Q

what is another name for a hairy cell in leukemia?

A

leukemia reticuloendothelios is

29
Q

what type of cell does hairy leukemia involve?

A

B-cell

30
Q

patients with ALL can relapse due to repopulation of the peripheral blood with cells from the?

A

CNS; spinal fluid

31
Q

what condition is a foam cell associated with?

A

Niemann pick disease

32
Q

what condition is a Reed-Sternberg cell associated with?

A

Hodgkins diseases

33
Q

what condition is a Downey cell associated with?

A

infectious mononeucliosis

34
Q

what condition is a plasma cell associated with?

A

multiple myeloma

35
Q

bence-jones protein

A

multiple myeloma

36
Q

philadelphia chromosome

A

CML very increased platelets negative LAP

37
Q

phagocytes with ingested, altered nucleprotein

A

LE cell (lupus)

38
Q

leukemoid reaction with increased eos

A

hodgkins disease

39
Q

prescence of Auer rods

A

AMML, AMoL, AML Erythroleukemia

40
Q

hyposegmentation of neutrophils

A

Pelger-Huet

41
Q

increased basophils

A

CML, mast cell leukemia, basophilic leukemia

42
Q

what are the characteristics of waldentroms macrogloulinemia?

A

rouleauz, cryoglobulins, plasma cytoid lymph, sed rate greatly increased, IgM

43
Q

what is the L.E. factor?

A

anti-nuleoprotein IgG antibody

44
Q

what portion of the blood specimen is used to make and L.E prep?

A

buffy coat

45
Q

what test should be done to confirm a diagnosis of SLE?

A

anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)

46
Q

describe the appearance of a atypical lymph?

A

enlarged, looks like a mono, scallops around adjacent, RBC take shape of surrounding RBC’s looks blue where it touches RBC

47
Q

describe the appearance of an Auer rod

A

pinkish rod-shaped inclusion usually in blasts (AML, AMML, AMoL)

48
Q

describe the apperance of Dohle bodies

A

leukemoid reactions, small blue inclusions in periphery of neutrophil

49
Q

describe the apperance of Dohle bodies

A

leukemoid reactions, small blue inclusions in periphery of neutrophil

50
Q

what abnormalities (other than ATL’s) can be found in association with IM?

A

positive heterophile antibody test-antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus

51
Q

how to you diffrentiate CML neg form from neutrophilic leukemoid positive reaction?

A

LAP

52
Q

how do you differentiate ALL from AML…AML is positive

A

myeloperoxidase

53
Q

what test is positive in ALL and erythroleikemia?

A

PAS

54
Q

positive when patient has recent bacterial infection-cells recently phagocytic, used to distinguish bacterial from non bacterial infections

A

NBT

55
Q

positive for ALL enzyme test-deoxynucleotidaltransferase confirms all

A

TdT

56
Q

Which cells are myeloperoxidase negative?

A

lymphocytes and blasts

57
Q

what is the most common childhood non hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Burkitts lymphoma

58
Q

what is the principle of operation of the Hema-Tek slide stainer?

A

fix, stain, air dry and rinse

59
Q

the principle of flow cytometry

A

interruption of a light source as it passes through a flow cell

60
Q

what RBC parameters are directly measured by the Coiulter LH? which are calculated?

A

MCV, Hgb, RBCs, WBC,

Hct, MCH, MCHC

61
Q

what RBC parameters are directly measured by the Coiulter LH? which are calculated?

A

MCV, Hgb, RBCs, WBC,

Hct, MCH, MCHC

62
Q

when using the impedence counter, why is it neccessary that the cell counts be corrected for coincidence?

A

more than one cell can pass through at one time; more that 10,000 WBCs should be corrected

63
Q

when do you see blasts?

A

in ALL

64
Q

when do you see lymphs?

A

CLL

65
Q

when do you see lymphs?

A

CLL

66
Q

only leukemia with both negative SE and NSE

A

ALL

Hematolgy (7 decks)

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