Exam 4 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of acute leukemia?
progresses rapidly anemia thrombocytopenia mostly mature cells can be seen in all ages (most common in children)
what are the characteristics ?of chronic leukemia?
occurs mostly in adults, progresses slowly, mature cells in peripheral blood
what environmental factors can increase the incidence of leukemia?
chemicals ionizing radiation infections or disease processes genetic factors hormones
what is the FAB classifications?
(French American British) classifies acute leukemias
what cyochemical stains or cellular constituents are used to diagnose AML?
sudan black B positive
peroxidase positive
LAP decreased
Auer rods maybe present
which leukemia is associated with an increased incidence of bleeding disorders?
APL acute promyelectitic leukemia due to abnormal granules
what is Naegli’s leukemia and what are its characteristics?
AMML (acute myelomonocitic leukemia). Myelomoncyte is the predominant cells. All stages of monocytes are seen.
what cytochemical stains are positive in ALL
PAS (periodic Acid -Schiff) and TdT
what cytochemical stains are positive in ALL
PAS (periodic Acid -Schiff) and TdT
What cytochemical stains are positive in AMoL?
Non-specific esterase, completely inhibited by fluoride
Peroxidase
What cytochemical stains are positive in AMoL?
Non-specific esterase, completely inhibited by fluoride
Peroxidase
What cytochemical
stains are positive
in AMML?
both SE (specific es terase) and nonspecific
is weakly pos itive
not completely inhibited by fluoride
Peroxidase
What cytochemical
stains are positive
in
Erythroleukemia?
PAS
Characterize CML according to the following: predominant cells seenona differential, bone marrow cellularity, percentage of blasts, number of eos and basos, frequency of blast crisis
all s tages of granulocytes , peak in myelocytes and neutrophils , bone marrow 100%, blas ts 10% or les s , increased up to 10% eos and basos , 70% blas t cris is (usually terminates in blas t cris is ). Lots of myelocytes , bands and segs
What type of leukemia is
most frequently seenin
children? Inmiddle age?
Inolder patients?
ALL
CML
CLL
What does the PBS in
CLL usually show?
BS: small very mature
lymphs , smudge cells ,
increased eos , basos , and all
stages of granulocytes
What does PBS in CLL usually show in bone marrow?
sheets of small
lymphs will be seen (40-
100%)
what leukemia is characterized by “fluffy”, undifferentiated cells?
stem cell leukemia
what is another name for erythroleukemia?
DeGuglielmo’s syndrome
Erythroleukemia usually terminates in what?
AML
what are the characteristics of myeloid metaplasia?
tear drop cells - indicates extramedullary hematopoies is , bizarre platelets , anemia, bone marrow has been replaced by noncellular elements
what are the characteristics of leukemoid reactions?
young white cells shift to the left LAP would be increased Dohle bodies toxic granulation toxic vacuoles
what are the characteristics of leukemoid reactions?
young white cells shift to the left LAP would be increased Dohle bodies toxic granulation toxic vacuoles
name several causes of leukopenia
viral infections , severe neutropenia, radiation, certain bacterial infections , immunosuppres ses , certain drugs
what is agranulocytosis?
severe reduction in
neutrophils with a marked
leukopenia
what are the WBC, RBC and platelet counts for agranulocytosis?
WBC-2000 or less -
decreased
platelets -adequate
RBC-normal
what are the WBC, RBC and platelet counts for agranulocytosis?
WBC-2000 or less -
decreased
platelets -adequate
RBC-normal
what is another name for a hairy cell in leukemia?
leukemia reticuloendothelios is
what type of cell does hairy leukemia involve?
B-cell
patients with ALL can relapse due to repopulation of the peripheral blood with cells from the?
CNS; spinal fluid
what condition is a foam cell associated with?
Niemann pick disease
what condition is a Reed-Sternberg cell associated with?
Hodgkins diseases
what condition is a Downey cell associated with?
infectious mononeucliosis
what condition is a plasma cell associated with?
multiple myeloma
bence-jones protein
multiple myeloma
philadelphia chromosome
CML very increased platelets negative LAP
phagocytes with ingested, altered nucleprotein
LE cell (lupus)
leukemoid reaction with increased eos
hodgkins disease
prescence of Auer rods
AMML, AMoL, AML Erythroleukemia
hyposegmentation of neutrophils
Pelger-Huet
increased basophils
CML, mast cell leukemia, basophilic leukemia
what are the characteristics of waldentroms macrogloulinemia?
rouleauz, cryoglobulins, plasma cytoid lymph, sed rate greatly increased, IgM
what is the L.E. factor?
anti-nuleoprotein IgG antibody
what portion of the blood specimen is used to make and L.E prep?
buffy coat
what test should be done to confirm a diagnosis of SLE?
anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)
describe the appearance of a atypical lymph?
enlarged, looks like a mono, scallops around adjacent, RBC take shape of surrounding RBC’s looks blue where it touches RBC
describe the appearance of an Auer rod
pinkish rod-shaped inclusion usually in blasts (AML, AMML, AMoL)
describe the apperance of Dohle bodies
leukemoid reactions, small blue inclusions in periphery of neutrophil
describe the apperance of Dohle bodies
leukemoid reactions, small blue inclusions in periphery of neutrophil
what abnormalities (other than ATL’s) can be found in association with IM?
positive heterophile antibody test-antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus
how to you diffrentiate CML neg form from neutrophilic leukemoid positive reaction?
LAP
how do you differentiate ALL from AML…AML is positive
myeloperoxidase
what test is positive in ALL and erythroleikemia?
PAS
positive when patient has recent bacterial infection-cells recently phagocytic, used to distinguish bacterial from non bacterial infections
NBT
positive for ALL enzyme test-deoxynucleotidaltransferase confirms all
TdT
Which cells are myeloperoxidase negative?
lymphocytes and blasts
what is the most common childhood non hodgkins lymphoma?
Burkitts lymphoma
what is the principle of operation of the Hema-Tek slide stainer?
fix, stain, air dry and rinse
the principle of flow cytometry
interruption of a light source as it passes through a flow cell
what RBC parameters are directly measured by the Coiulter LH? which are calculated?
MCV, Hgb, RBCs, WBC,
Hct, MCH, MCHC
what RBC parameters are directly measured by the Coiulter LH? which are calculated?
MCV, Hgb, RBCs, WBC,
Hct, MCH, MCHC
when using the impedence counter, why is it neccessary that the cell counts be corrected for coincidence?
more than one cell can pass through at one time; more that 10,000 WBCs should be corrected
when do you see blasts?
in ALL
when do you see lymphs?
CLL
when do you see lymphs?
CLL
only leukemia with both negative SE and NSE
ALL
