Exam 4 Flashcards by amanda gonzalez

What are the characteristics of acute leukemia?

progresses rapidly
anemia
thrombocytopenia
mostly mature cells
can be seen in all ages (most common in children)

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what are the characteristics ?of chronic leukemia?

occurs mostly in adults, progresses slowly, mature cells in peripheral blood

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what environmental factors can increase the incidence of leukemia?

chemicals
ionizing radiation
infections or disease processes
genetic factors
hormones

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what is the FAB classifications?

(French American British) classifies acute leukemias

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what cyochemical stains or cellular constituents are used to diagnose AML?

sudan black B positive
peroxidase positive
LAP decreased
Auer rods maybe present

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which leukemia is associated with an increased incidence of bleeding disorders?

APL acute promyelectitic leukemia due to abnormal granules

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what is Naegli’s leukemia and what are its characteristics?

AMML (acute myelomonocitic leukemia). Myelomoncyte is the predominant cells. All stages of monocytes are seen.

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what cytochemical stains are positive in ALL

PAS (periodic Acid -Schiff) and TdT

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what cytochemical stains are positive in ALL

PAS (periodic Acid -Schiff) and TdT

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What cytochemical stains are positive in AMoL?

Non-specific esterase, completely inhibited by fluoride

Peroxidase

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What cytochemical stains are positive in AMoL?

Non-specific esterase, completely inhibited by fluoride

Peroxidase

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What cytochemical
stains are positive
in AMML?

both SE (specific es terase) and nonspecific
is weakly pos itive
not completely inhibited by fluoride
Peroxidase

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What cytochemical
stains are positive
in
Erythroleukemia?

PAS

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Characterize CML
according to the
following: predominant
cells seenona
differential, bone
marrow cellularity,
percentage of blasts,
number of eos and
basos, frequency of blast
crisis

all s tages of granulocytes ,
peak in myelocytes and
neutrophils , bone marrow
100%, blas ts 10% or les s ,
increased up to 10% eos and
basos , 70% blas t cris is
(usually terminates in blas t
cris is ). Lots of myelocytes ,
bands and segs

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What type of leukemia is
most frequently seenin
children? Inmiddle age?
Inolder patients?

ALL
CML
CLL

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What does the PBS in

CLL usually show?

BS: small very mature
lymphs , smudge cells ,
increased eos , basos , and all
stages of granulocytes

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What does PBS in CLL usually show in bone marrow?

sheets of small
lymphs will be seen (40-
100%)

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what leukemia is characterized by “fluffy”, undifferentiated cells?

stem cell leukemia

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what is another name for erythroleukemia?

DeGuglielmo’s syndrome

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Erythroleukemia usually terminates in what?

AML

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what are the characteristics of myeloid metaplasia?

tear drop cells - indicates
extramedullary
hematopoies is , bizarre
platelets , anemia, bone
marrow has been replaced by
noncellular elements

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what are the characteristics of leukemoid reactions?

young white cells
shift to the left
LAP would be increased
Dohle bodies
toxic granulation
toxic vacuoles

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what are the characteristics of leukemoid reactions?

young white cells
shift to the left
LAP would be increased
Dohle bodies
toxic granulation
toxic vacuoles

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name several causes of leukopenia

viral infections , severe
neutropenia, radiation, certain
bacterial infections ,
immunosuppres ses , certain
drugs

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what is agranulocytosis?

severe reduction in neutrophils with a marked leukopenia

what are the WBC, RBC and platelet counts for agranulocytosis?

WBC-2000 or less - decreased platelets -adequate RBC-normal

what are the WBC, RBC and platelet counts for agranulocytosis?

WBC-2000 or less - decreased platelets -adequate RBC-normal

what is another name for a hairy cell in leukemia?

leukemia reticuloendothelios is

what type of cell does hairy leukemia involve?

B-cell

patients with ALL can relapse due to repopulation of the peripheral blood with cells from the?

CNS; spinal fluid

what condition is a foam cell associated with?

Niemann pick disease

what condition is a Reed-Sternberg cell associated with?

Hodgkins diseases

what condition is a Downey cell associated with?

infectious mononeucliosis

what condition is a plasma cell associated with?

multiple myeloma

bence-jones protein

multiple myeloma

philadelphia chromosome

CML very increased platelets negative LAP

phagocytes with ingested, altered nucleprotein

LE cell (lupus)

leukemoid reaction with increased eos

hodgkins disease

prescence of Auer rods

AMML, AMoL, AML Erythroleukemia

hyposegmentation of neutrophils

Pelger-Huet

increased basophils

CML, mast cell leukemia, basophilic leukemia

what are the characteristics of waldentroms macrogloulinemia?

rouleauz, cryoglobulins, plasma cytoid lymph, sed rate greatly increased, IgM

what is the L.E. factor?

anti-nuleoprotein IgG antibody

what portion of the blood specimen is used to make and L.E prep?

buffy coat

what test should be done to confirm a diagnosis of SLE?

anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)

describe the appearance of a atypical lymph?

enlarged, looks like a mono, scallops around adjacent, RBC take shape of surrounding RBC's looks blue where it touches RBC

describe the appearance of an Auer rod

pinkish rod-shaped inclusion usually in blasts (AML, AMML, AMoL)

describe the apperance of Dohle bodies

leukemoid reactions, small blue inclusions in periphery of neutrophil

describe the apperance of Dohle bodies

leukemoid reactions, small blue inclusions in periphery of neutrophil

what abnormalities (other than ATL's) can be found in association with IM?

positive heterophile antibody test-antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus

how to you diffrentiate CML neg form from neutrophilic leukemoid positive reaction?

LAP

how do you differentiate ALL from AML...AML is positive

myeloperoxidase

what test is positive in ALL and erythroleikemia?

PAS

positive when patient has recent bacterial infection-cells recently phagocytic, used to distinguish bacterial from non bacterial infections

NBT

positive for ALL enzyme test-deoxynucleotidaltransferase confirms all

TdT

Which cells are myeloperoxidase negative?

lymphocytes and blasts

what is the most common childhood non hodgkins lymphoma?

Burkitts lymphoma

what is the principle of operation of the Hema-Tek slide stainer?

fix, stain, air dry and rinse

the principle of flow cytometry

interruption of a light source as it passes through a flow cell

what RBC parameters are directly measured by the Coiulter LH? which are calculated?

MCV, Hgb, RBCs, WBC, Hct, MCH, MCHC

what RBC parameters are directly measured by the Coiulter LH? which are calculated?

MCV, Hgb, RBCs, WBC, Hct, MCH, MCHC

when using the impedence counter, why is it neccessary that the cell counts be corrected for coincidence?

more than one cell can pass through at one time; more that 10,000 WBCs should be corrected

when do you see blasts?

in ALL

when do you see lymphs?

CLL

when do you see lymphs?

CLL

only leukemia with both negative SE and NSE

ALL

Exam 4 Flashcards

(66 cards)