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Hematolgy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what controls the entrance and exit of substances into and out of the blood cell?

A

cell memebrane

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2
Q

what is the main site of hematopoiesis in the fetus?

A

liver

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3
Q

what is the main site of hematopoiesis in the adult?

A

bone marrow (medullary)

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4
Q

what is the major site of h extramedullary hematopoiesis?

A

spleen

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5
Q

what three major criteria are used to identify blood cells?

A

size, shape of nucleus and cytoplasm color

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6
Q

how is bone marrow cellularity determined?

A

number of nucleated cells is compared to the total number of cells and fat present

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7
Q

what is the normal M:E ratio?

A

3:1

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8
Q

how does a doctor use a bone marrow exam?

A

diagnosis, management of treatment and assess iron storage

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9
Q

what is the dual origin of white blood cell

A

dualistic theory

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10
Q

what is the youngest RBC?

A

rubrablast

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11
Q

what stage is the change in the RBC?

A

rubricyte

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12
Q

stage of developement when RBC loses nucleus

A

metarubricyte

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13
Q

what is the average life of an RBC?

A

100-120 days

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14
Q

mucoprotein formed by the kidneys that is capable of maintaining a normal RBC mass by stimulation of the bone marrow in repsonse to tissue hypoxia

A

erythroprotein

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15
Q

iron attached to protein for absorption

A

apoferritin

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16
Q

submicroscopic iron

A

ferritin

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17
Q

ferritin that can be seen with a microscope

A

hemosiderin

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18
Q

iron oxidized the the Fe state and transported

A

transferrin

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19
Q

nucleus and cytoplasn not maturing at the same time

A

asynchrony

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20
Q

a nectrotic stage whith fragmentation of the nucleus where by chromatin is distributed irregularly trhough out the cytoplasm

A

karyorrhexis

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21
Q

what are the characteristics of a good RBC diluent?

A

isotonic

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22
Q

how do you calculate a RBC coun when it is performed on a hemocytometer?

A

average the 2 counts and muliply by 10,000

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23
Q

what pathway provides most of the energy for a mature RBC?

A

Emden-meyerhof Glycolytic Pathway or glycolosis

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24
Q

What pathway functions to protect hemoglobin from oxidation?

A

hexose monophospahte shunt (HMP shunt)

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25
what is the structure of normal hemoglobin A?
2 alpha 2 beta chains
26
in order to function as an oxygen carrier the iron in hemoglobin must be what oxidation state?
2+
27
What molecule is hemoglobin converted to in the Sahli method?
acid hematin
28
what is the most commonly used method for hemoglobin deternimation in the modern hematology lab?
cyanmethemoglobin
29
what hemoglobin pigment can NOT be converted to oxyhemoglobin?
sulfhemoglobin
30
which manual hematology procedure is the most reliable and reporducible?
hematocrit
31
what test measures the percentage of the RBC volume of whole blood and how is performed?
Hematocrit. | You fill hematocrit tubes 1/2-2/3 full centriguge for optimum time. Omit buffy coat
32
Two methods of hematocrit?
wintrobe and micromethod
33
is the wintrobe or micromethod preferred?
micro method preferred due to being simple and reproducible. Small amount of blood required and no equipment required.
34
what test measures the suspension stability of RBC's?
sed rate ESR
35
two methods of ESR?
wintrobe and westergrin
36
which ESR method(wintrobe or westergrin) uses saline dilution and why is it used?
westergrin because it off sets effective anemia
37
what factors can cause an increased ESR?
bacterial infection and polycythemia
38
what factors can cause a decreased ESR?
sickle cell and spherocytes
39
calculate MCV if given RBC, Hgb, Hct
Hct/RBC X 10
40
calculate MCH if given RBC, Hgb, Hct
Hgb/RBC X 10
41
calulate MCHC if given RBC, Hgb, Hct
Hgb/Hct X 100
42
3x RBC= Hgb and approximately 3x Hgb = Hct is called what?
the rule of 3
43
what test is the most reliable assesment of the effective erythroid activity of the bone marrow?
retic count
44
what is the normal reticulocyte count?
about 1% 0.5-2% in adults
45
what stain is used for retic count?
new methyl blue and cresyl blue
46
how are retics observed on a Wrights stain smear?
polychromasia
47
What reagent is used for the sickle cell solubility test?
sodium dithionite
48
what reagent is used for the sickle cell slide test?
sodium metabisulfate
49
how is the sickle cell solubiltiy test read?
if you can read the black lines through the tube the test is a negative result
50
how is the sickle cell slide read?
microscope
51
what is the reagent used in the osmotic fragility test?
0.85% NaCl
52
how is the osmotic fragility test read?
read color of supernantant on a spectrometer
53
What conditions cause an increased osmotic fragility?
hemolitic anemia, hereditary sphyrocytosis
54
what conditions cause a decreased osmotic fragility?
sickle cell, thalassemia, Hgb C disease
55
Abnormal RBC variation in color
hypochoromia, polychromasia
56
Abnormal RBC variation in shape
sickle cell, shistocytes, shperocytes
57
Abnormal RBC variation in size
macrocytes, microcytes, misocytes
58
Abnormal RBC variation in structure
howell jolly bodies, pappenheimer, cabot rings
59
chemical composition of basophilic stippling
RNA
60
chemical composition of Heinz bodies
denatrued hemoglobin
61
chemical composition of Howell-jolly bodies
DNA
62
chemical composition of Pappernheimer bodies
Iron
63
Which RBC should be counted as a reticulum in a reticulocyte count?
basophilic stippling

Hematolgy (7 decks)

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