Lab Final 1191 Flashcards
What does the male genital system consist of?
- testes
- the ducts (epididymus, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra)
- acessory sex glands (seminal, prostate and bulbourethral glands)
- supporting structures such as scrotum and penis
what structures are contained in the scrotum:
paired testes and epididymides
What does each testis contain
seminiferous tubules
what do the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce:
sperm and inhibin and interstitial endocrine cells produce testosterone
What are four male secondary sex characteristics
- chest/facial hair
- wide shoulders, narrow hips
- enlargement of larynx and deepening of voice
- increased activity of sebaceous glands
What is the site of sperm storage and maturation
epididymis
Peristaltic contractions of the ducts of the epididymis move sperm into…
the ductus (vas) deferens
Where do the ductus deferens enter and exit
they exit in the scrotum and enter the pelvic cavity to loop over the ureters and empty into the ejaculatory ducts
the seminal glands contribute a variety of substances to …
semen
what are 3 substances produced by the seminal glands and functions of each
- fructose: production of ATP
- prostaglandin: sperm motility and viability
- clotting proteins (different than those in the blood): coagulation of semen after ejaculation
where is the prostate located
surrounds the superior portion of the urethra
what does the prostate gland secrete
- citric acid: used by sperm for ATP by krebs cycle
- seminalplasmin: contains antibodies and protects sperm against microbes and bacteria
Where are the bulbourethral glands located:
inferior to the prostate and empties into the urethra
what substances does the bulbourethral glands produce
- alkaline fluid: helps neutralize the acidity in the urethra from the urine -protects the sperm
- mucus: lubricates the urethra and protects the sperm from being damaged when ejaculated
corpora spongiosum:
contains the spongy urethra and keeps it open during ejaculation
corpora cavernosa
two columns of spongy tissue in the shaft of the penis. contains erectile tissue for erectility
external urethral surface
opening of the urethra to the exterior
glans penis
enlarged region at the distal end of the penis
prepuce
foreskin, loose fitting skin covering the glans penis
what does the female genital system contain
- ovaries
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- vagina
- external genitalia
- mammary glands
at puberty the ovaries produce oocytes which are released in a process called
ovulation
What hormones do the ovaries produce
- estrogen
- progesterone
- relaxin
- inhibin
the uterine (fallopian) tubes act as a
passageway for sperm to reach the ovulated oocyte and transport secondary oocyte to the uterus
what structures are contained at the distal end of the uterine tubes
the infundibulum: funnel shaped
fimbriae: finger like projections
what is the site for implantation of blastocyst
uterus
the uterus is held in place by
- broad ligament
- round ligaments
three layers of the uterus
- perimetrium
- myometrium
- endometrium
the perimetrium is the most ——- layer and extends ——– to form the —— ligament
superficial, laterally, broad
the myometrium has
circular, longitudinal and oblique muscle layers
what hormone inhibits the contraction of the myometrium
relaxin
what are two sources for relaxin
- corpus luteum
- placenta
what is the vulva
- mons pubis
- labia majora
- labia minora
- vestibule
the mammary glands located inside each breast are
modified sudoriferous glands
the process that synthesizes and ejects milk is called
lactation
what anterior pituitary hormone is involved in milk production
prolactin
what posterior pituitary hormone stimulates milk ejection
oxytocin
ovaries
- female gonads
- produce gametes, secondary oocytes which develop into mature ova after fertilization
- produces hormones: progesterone, estrogen, inhibin, relaxin
broad ligament
a double fold of parietal peritoneum attaching the uterus to the side of the pelvic cavity
round ligaments
bands of dense irregular connective tissue between the layers of broad ligament; extend from uterus (below uterine tubes) to external genitalia
mons pubis
rounded, fatty prominence over the pubic symphysis, covered by coarse pubic hair
female secondary sex characteristics
- distribution of adipose tissue to abdomen, breasts and hips
- high voice pitch
- broad pelvis
why is it important for the vagina to be acidic
provides innate immunity against microbes in the genital tract
what is the function of semen
- provides the fluid in which sperm are transported
- supplies nutrients
- neutralizes acidity of male urethra and the vagina
