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BIOL 1191 > Chapter 15: Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system

A

Somatic is voluntary
Autonomic is involuntary

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2
Q

Somatic nervous system has only one

A

motor neuron that extends from the CNS to skeletal muscle fiber it innervates

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system has two

A

motor neurons; preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron

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4
Q

The autonomic nervous system is divided into

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

Preganglionic neuron

A

has its cell body in the CNS and axon extends to autonomic ganglion

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6
Q

Postganglionic neuron

A

has its unmyelinated axon extending from the ganglion to the effector

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7
Q

Where do the preganglionic neurons reside in the sympathetic division

A

in the lateral gray horns of the gray matter in the 12 thoracic segments and first 2 lumbar segments of the spinal cord

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8
Q

The sympathetic division is also called

A

the thoracolumbar division

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9
Q

What are the 2 major types of sympathetic ganglia and where are they located

A
  • Sympathetic trunk ganglia: vertical row on either side of the vertebral column
  • Prevertebral ganglia: lies anterior to vertebral column
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10
Q

What do sympathetic trunk ganglia mostly innervate

A

mainly organs above the diaphragm:
- head, neck, shoulders and heart

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11
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia names

A
  • superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia
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12
Q

Most sympathetic preganglionic axons are…

A

short and postganglionic axons are long

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13
Q

In general postganglionic axons of prevertebral innervates..

A

organs below the diaphragm

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14
Q

Five major prevertebral ganglia are…

A
  1. Celiac ganglion
  2. Superior mesenteric ganglion
  3. Inferior mesenteric ganglion
  4. Aorticorenal ganglion
  5. Renal ganglion
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15
Q

Where are cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division located

A

in the nuclei of four cranial nerves in the brainstem (III, VII, IX, X) and in the lateral gray matter of the second through 4th sacral segments of the spinal cord

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16
Q

the parasympathetic division is also known as the

A

craniosacral division

17
Q

Preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic division synapse with

A

postganglionic neurons located closer to or actually within the wall of a visceral organ

18
Q

Names of parasympathetic ganglia

A
  • Ciliary ganglion
  • Pterygopalatine
  • Submandibular
  • Otic
19
Q

In the parasympathetic division, preganglionic axons are long and

A

postganglionic axons are short

20
Q

Cholinergic neurons release

A

ACh (acetylcholine)

21
Q

Adrenergic neurons release

A

norepinephrine or noradrenalin

22
Q

Cholinergic receptors include

A

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

23
Q

Major sympathetic response to stimulation

A
  • pupils dilate (need to see more)
  • vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skin and digestive canals, and kidneys
  • dilation of airways
  • heart rate and blood pressure increases
  • blood supply to specific organs increases such as heart, muscle, liver and adipose tissue
  • liver cells perform glycoenolysis
  • adipose tissue cells ; break down triglycerides to fatty acids
24
Q

Parasympathetic responses

A

SLUDD:
- salivation
- lacrimation
- urination
- digestion
- defecation
AND
- decrease in hr and bp
- decrease in diameter of airways
- decrease in diameter of pupils

25
Q

The posterior and lateral parts of the hypothalamus controls

A

the sympathetic division

26
Q

The anterior and medial parts of the hypothalamus controls the

A

parasympathetic division

27
Q

Components of an autonomic reflex arc

A
  • sensory receptor
  • sensory neuron
  • integrating center
  • motor neurons
  • effector
28
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia

A
  • exaggerated response of the sympathetic nervous system occuring in 85% of injuries above level of T6
29
Q

If autonomic dysreflexia is untreated it can lead to

A
  • stroke,
  • seizures
  • heart attack
30
Q

Raynaud phenomenon

A
  • excessive sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscles in arterioles of digits
  • vasoconstriction leads to numbness and ischemia
31
Q

Raynauds phenomenon is more common in

A

young females

32
Q

Dysautonomia

A

inherited disease and refers to the signs and symptoms that result from damage to the ANS
- S&S:
- orthostatic hypotension
- abnormal hr
- digestive problems
- urinary problems
- sweating problems
- sexual problems
- vision problems

33
Q

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy

A

spontaneous pain, painful hypersensitivity to stimuli such as light touch and excessive coldness

BIOL 1191 (10 decks)

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