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Histopathologic and Cytologic Techniques > LAB Exercise 1b > Flashcards

LAB Exercise 1b Flashcards

Factors Determining Variation in Inflammatory Response

1
Q

Factors determining variation in inflammatory response involving the organism

A
  • Type of injury and infection
  • Virulence
  • Dose
  • Portal of entry
  • Product of organisms
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2
Q

Factors determining variation in inflammatory response involving the host

A 
Systemic diseases
• Immune status of host
• Congenital neutrophil defects
• Leukopenia
• Site or type of tissue involved
• Local host factors
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3
Q

5 types of exudation

A
  1. serous
  2. fibrinous
  3. purulent or suppurative
  4. hemorrhagic
  5. catarrhal
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4
Q

Considered as the mildest form of inflammation characterized by the outpouring of a thin fluid

A

serous inflammation

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5
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavity

A

effusion

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6
Q

exudation when the fibrin content of the fluid exudate is high.

A

fibrinous inflammation

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7
Q

A fibrinous exudate is characteristic of inflammation

A

in the lining of body cavities

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8
Q

develops when the vascular leaks are large or there is a local procoagulant stimulus

A

Fibrinous Inflammation

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9
Q

develops when the vascular leaks are large or there is a local procoagulant stimulus

A

Fibrinous Inflammation

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10
Q

Exudation from the formation of creamy pus as seen in infection with pyogenic bacteria such as streptocicci or staphylococci

A

Suppurative or Purulent Inflammation

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11
Q

It is viscous yellow fluid composed of dead and dying PMNs and necrotic tissue debris. It is also rich in lytic enzymes released from leukocytes, destroyed cells, and bacteria

A

pus

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12
Q

Purulent exudate that is also rich in fibrin is said to be

A

purulent

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13
Q

localized collection of pus within an organ or tissue is called

A

abscess

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14
Q

In chronic abcsesses, the wall of an abscess is composed of a capsule consisting of

A

fibrotic granulation tissue

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15
Q

In chronic abcsesses, the wall of an abscess is composed of a capsule consisting of

A

fibrotic granulation tissue

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16
Q

A cavity, usually occupied previously by an abscess, that drains through a tract to the surface of the body when the abscess ruptures

A

sinus

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17
Q

A channel between two preexisting cavities or hollow organs that is formed when large abcesses ruptures.

A

fistula

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18
Q

Accumulation of pus in a preformed cavity

A

ampyema

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19
Q

Accumulation of pus in a preformed cavity

A

empyema

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20
Q

Inflammation that is a local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the shedding of inflamed necrotic tissue

A

ulcerative inflammation

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21
Q

Occur only when tissue necrosis and resultant inflammation exist on or near a surface

A

ulcerative inflammation

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22
Q

Morphology of cute ulcer

A

intense polymorphonuclear infiltration and vascular dilation in the margins of the defect.

23
Q

chronic ulcer morphology

A

fibroblastic proliferation
scarring
accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells.

24
Q

Imflmmtion where the exudate of fibrin, pus, cellular debris, and mucus forms a pseudomembrane on the surface of the ulcers.

A

Pseudomembranous Inflammation

25
Q

inflammation caused by Clostridium difficile

A

pseudomembranous colitis

26
Q

Four outcomes of acute inflammation

A

resolution
healing by fibrosis
abscess formation
chronic inflammation

27
Q

Outcome that involves the restitution of normal architecture and function where the connective tissue framework of the tissue is intact

A

resolution

28
Q

Outcome known as scar formation occurs when there is substantial damage to the connective tissue framework and/or the tissue lacks the ability to regenerate specialized cells

A

Healing by fibrosis

29
Q

Despite the loss of some specialized cells and some architectural distortion by fibrous scar, structural integrity is reestablished.

A

Healing by Fibrosis

30
Q

Healing by fibrosis which occurs quickly with a small amount of granulation tissue

A

healing by primary intention

31
Q

Healing by fibrosis that is large and filled with blood clot and a variable amount of tissue debris.

A

healing by secondary intention

32
Q

Takes place when the acute inflammatory reaction fails to destroy/remove the cause of tissue damage and continues, and is common in the case of infection by pyogenic bacteria

A

Abscess formation

33
Q

Outcome that results following acute inflammation when an injurious agent persists over a prolonged period, causing concomitant tissue destruction.

A

chronic inflammation

34
Q

The hallmark features of chronic inflammation

A

ongoing tissue damage

35
Q

ongoing tissue damage is often caused by

A

the inflammatory cells in the infiltrate
a chronic inflammatory infiltrate
fibrosis

36
Q

Chronic inflammation can be caused by one of the following three ways:

A

Persistent infections
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents, either exogenous or endogenous

37
Q

Caused by microorganisms that are difficult to eradicate like mycobacteria and certain viruses, fungi, and parasites

A

Persistent infections

38
Q

Organisms that are difficult to eradicte often evoke an immune reaction called_________ and the inflammatory response takes a specific pattwrn called

A

delayed-type hypersensitivity, granulomatous reaction.

39
Q

chronic inflammation cause that is group of diseases that are caused by excessive and inappropriate activation of the immune system

A

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

40
Q

conditions where immune reactions develop against the individual’s own tissu

A

autoimmune diseases

41
Q

Examplew of toxic agents, either exogenous or endogenous that cause chronic imflammation

A

silica causing silicosis

endogenous toxic lipid component causeing atherosclerosis

42
Q

3 Morphologic Features of Chronic Inflammation

A

Mononuclear Cell Infiltration
Tissue Destruction or Necrosis
Proliferative Changes

43
Q

2 Types of Chronic inflammation

A

Non-specific

Specific

44
Q

An example of this inflammation is chronic ulcer when the irritant substance produces a reaction with formation of granulation tissue and healing by fibrosis

A

Non specific

45
Q

Inflammation where the injurious agent causes a characteristic histologic tissue response like in tuberculosis

46
Q

Two classifications of inflammation according to descriptive histologic features

A
  1. Chronic non-specific inflammation

2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation

47
Q

This is characterized by non-specific inflammatory cell infiltration (e.g. chronic osteomyelitis, lung abscess)

A

Chronic non-specific inflammation

48
Q

This is characterized by formation of granulomas (e.g. tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, etc)

A

Chronic granulomatous inflammation

49
Q

A distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation encountered in a limited number of infectious
and some non-infectious conditions.

A

Granulomatous Inflammation

50
Q

This is a cellular attempt to contain an offending agent that is difficult to eradicate, involving strong activation of T lymphocytes leading to macrophage activation causing injury to normal tissue

51
Q

granuloma morphology

A

1 mm tiny circumscribed lesiom
composed predominantly of modified macropahages (epitheliod cells)
rimmed at the periphery by lymphoid cells

52
Q

Granuloma that have a large mass of cytoplasm containing 20 or more small nuclei arranged either peripherally.

A

Langhans-type giant cell

53
Q

Granuloma that have a large mass of cytoplasm containing 20 or more small nuclei arranged either haphazardly.

A

foreign body-type giant cell

Histopathologic and Cytologic Techniques (6 decks)

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