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Biology 121 > LAB EXAM SKELETAL > Flashcards

LAB EXAM SKELETAL Flashcards

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1
Q

how many bones are in the human skeleton?

A

206

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2
Q

what is the axial skeleton?

A

bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the human body

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3
Q

what bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities) and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

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4
Q

what type of bone marking allows the passages of blood vessels and nerves and forms joints?

A

depressions and openings

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5
Q

what type of bone marking projects or outgrows form joints and serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons?

A

processes

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6
Q

what is spinous process?

A

slender projection of vertebrae

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7
Q

what is a foramen?

A

opening in bone which blood vessels and or nerves pass

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8
Q

what bony process is large, round and articular?

A

condyle

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9
Q

what is a bony protuberance above a condyle called?

A

epicondyle

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10
Q

what is a shallow depression in bone?

A

fossa

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11
Q

what is a tubercule?

A

small rounded projection

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12
Q

what is a tuberosity?

A

large bony prominence that is not articular

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13
Q

what is a meatus? give an example?

A

tube- like canal
external auditory meatus (under ear)

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14
Q

what are two very large bony projections called?

A

trochanter

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15
Q

what is a fissure?

A

narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones thru which blood vessels or nerves pass

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16
Q

what is a sulcus?

A

furrow along bone surface that accommodates blood vessels, nerves or tendons

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17
Q

what is a facet? and is a process that forms joints?

A

smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface

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18
Q

what is the head of the bone? and is a process that forms joints

A

usually rounded articular projection supported on neck (constricted portion) of bone

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19
Q

what is a line? and it is a form attachment points for CT

A

long, narrow ridge or border (that is less prominent than crest)

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20
Q

how many total bones in the axial skeleton? what are they?

A

80 total bones
skull, vertebral column (includes sacrum), ribs and sternum

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21
Q

how many facial and cranial bones are there?

A

14 facial, 8 cranial

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22
Q

how many palantine bones are there?

A

2

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23
Q

how many lacrimal bones are there?

A

2

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24
Q

how many inferior nasal conchae are there?

A

2

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25
Q

what is a suture?

A

“sean” an immovable joint between bones of the skull

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26
Q

what are fontanels?

A

“little fountains”
soft, mesenchyme filled spaces between cranial bones in babies
become suture joints in adults

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27
Q

what is the crista gali ethmoid bone?

A

thick, triangular portion of the ethmoid bone
it projects superiorly to the cribiform plate

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28
Q

what is the purpose of the cribiform plate?

A

allows olfactory fibers to pass through in order to smell things

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29
Q

what are the 4 sinuses?

A

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary

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30
Q

how does mucus drain?

A

from the frontal sinus to the maxillary sinus

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31
Q

what parts make up the vertebrae?

A

pedicle and laminate forms the vertebral arch (surrounds spinal cord)
body (weight bearing)
several processes (points of attachment for muscles)

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32
Q

what are the sizes of the vertebrae from smallest to largest?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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33
Q

C1 is called what?

A

Atlas

34
Q

C2 is called what?

A

Axis

35
Q

which vertebrae bears greater loads?

A

lumbar vertebrae

36
Q

how many bones in the appendicular skeleton? what is the main purpose?

A

126
helps w movement

37
Q

what bones are included in appendicular skeleton?

A

upper and lower limbs includes girdles that attach to axial skeleton

38
Q

what is the upper limb divided into?

A

shoulder, arm, forearm and hand

39
Q

what is the area of upper limb attachment to the trunk called?

A

shoulder

40
Q

what is the part of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow joint called?

A

arm

41
Q

what is between the elbow and the wrist called?

A

forearm

42
Q

what body part is distal to the wrist?

A

hand

43
Q

what bones of the shoulder (pectoral) girdle are called?

A

scalpula and clavicle

44
Q

what is the triangular shaped scapula also called?

A

shoulder blade

45
Q

what is a large process on the posterior of the scapula called?

A

spine

46
Q

what is the flattened lateral portion of the spine called?

A

acromion

47
Q

what is a protruding projection on the anterior surface just inferior to the lateral aspect of the clavicle called?

A

coracoid process

48
Q

what is the shallow con cavity that articulates w the head of the humerus called?

A

glenoid cavity

49
Q

the scapula and coracoid process and acromion points to what side in anterior view?

A

LEFT

50
Q

where does the acromion point to in posterior view in the scapula?

A

to the right

51
Q

where and what is the olecranon fossa located?

A

deep triangular depression located on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea

52
Q

what is the capitilum of the humerus?

A

the lateral portion of the articular surface of humerus that consists of a smooth, rounded eminence

53
Q

what is the coronoid fossa in the humerus?

A

located superior to the trochlea and accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna and superior to the capitilum on the anterior surface of the condyle

54
Q

what is the deltoid tuberosity?

A

it’s the rough triangular prominence found at the middle third of the anterior lateral surface of the humerus

55
Q

what is the medial malleolus?

A

the bony bump on the inside of your ankle

56
Q

the only bone in the arm is the …

A

humerus

57
Q

what two projections does the head of the humerus have?

A

greater tubercule - laterally
lesser tubercule - anteriorly

58
Q

where is the long head of the biceps brachii located?

A

intertubercular sulcus/groove in between the tubercules

59
Q

what are the two bones of the forearm?

A

radius and ulna

60
Q

radius lies…

A

laterally in anatomic position and widens distally

61
Q

ulna lies…

A

medically and widens proximally into the olecranon process (large prominence as we feel the tip of the elbow)

62
Q

how many carpal bones make up the wrist?

A

8

63
Q

how many metacarpal bones in the palm of the hand are there?

A

5

64
Q

each finger except the thumb or 1st digit is composed of 3 phalanges. what are they?

A

proximal, middle and distal

65
Q

what are the joints of the hand?

A

carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal

66
Q

the lower limb is divided into…?

A

the gluteal region (major bones forming hip girdle), thigh, leg and foot

67
Q

the gluteal region is located where?

A

between the iliac crest and the hip joint

68
Q

the thigh is located where?

A

between hip and knee joint

69
Q

the leg is located?

A

between knee and ankle

70
Q

the foot is …. to the ankle?

A

distal

71
Q

the pelvic girdle is made up of …. hope bones

A

2

72
Q

what is the longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body?

A

the femur

73
Q

what is common site of fracture in the femur?

A

the neck (distal to head)

74
Q

the head of the femur articulates with what of the hip bone forming the hip (coxal) joint?

A

acetabulum

75
Q

distally the medial and lateral femoral condyles articulate with the tibia to form the ….

A

knee joint

76
Q

femur articulates w the…?

A

patella

77
Q

the greater and lesser trochanters are projections where …. muscles attach in the femur?

A

larger

78
Q

the tibia is always … and is larger and bears all the weight

A

medial

79
Q

the fibula is always …. is smaller and non weight bearing

A

lateral

80
Q

where is the first medial cuneiform found in the foot?

A

big toe

81
Q

where is the 2nd intermediate cuneiform found in the foot?

A

2nd toe next to big toe

82
Q

where is the 3rd lateral cuneiform found in the foot?

A

next to medial 2nd intermediate cuneiform

Biology 121 (8 decks)

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