anatomy and physiology lecture 2 : chemistry

Question 1

what are the 4 most abundant elements of life?

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 2

what are the combining elements of the most abundant elements of life?

Answer 2

carbon - organic molecules
oxygen - water
hydrogen - water and acidity of body
nitrogen - proteins and nucleic acid

Question 3

what are the next most abundant elements?

Answer 3

calcium, k “potassium”, p “phosphate”, s “sulfur”

Question 4

with the next most abundant elements of life, what combinations go together?

Answer 4

ca - bone and teeth
k - intracellular fluid and action potential
p - many proteins
s - vitamins

Question 5

what are the acids?

Answer 5

H+ donors
when dissolved in water they dissociate into H+ and an anion

Question 6

what are the bases?

Answer 6

H+ acceptor or OH- donor
when dissolved in water they dissociate into OH- and a cation other than H+

Question 7

what are salts?

Answer 7

ionic compounds
contains cations other than H+ and anions other than OH-

Question 8

Bases have less what?

Answer 8

H+

Question 9

What numbers run on the Ph scale?

Answer 9

0-14

Question 10

the lower the number on the logarithmic ph scale the higher what?

Answer 10

H+ concentration

Question 11

the lower the number, the higher acidity T/F

Answer 11

T

Question 12

stomach acid is what on the Ph scale?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

lemon juice, grapefruit juice and wine and tomato juice are what on the ph scale?

Answer 13

2, 3, 4

Question 14

urine, milk, pure water, human blood where on ph scale?

Answer 14

6,7 (neutral)

Question 15

milk of magnesia, household ammonia, household bleach, oven cleaner, limewater where on the ph scale?

Answer 15

10,11,12,13,14

Question 16

what are the 4 categories of carbon compounds?

Answer 16

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleotides and nucleic acids

Question 17

Question 18

carbs produce the most of the energy needed for life , what does it generate?

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

what are carbs consisted of?

Answer 19

sugars, starches, glycogen and cellulose

Question 20

what categories are carbs divided into?

Answer 20

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 21

EX of monosaccharides?

Answer 21

Question 22

Question 23

Question 24

lipids contain what?

Answer 24

C, H, O

Question 25

are lipids hydrophobic?

Answer 25

yes w fats and oils

Question 26

lipids combine w proteins for transport in blood for…?

Answer 26

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 27

triglycerides are the most abundant type in the body , what are the derived from? where are they found?

Answer 27

glycerol and 3 fatty acids
it is found in blood, can raise risk of CAD (women are prone)

Question 28

Question 29

Question 30

combinations of different amino acid connected together by a covalent bond >….

Answer 30

peptide bond

Question 31

function of steroids?

Answer 31

structural proteins (collagens and elastin)
transport proteins (hemoglobin, cytochromes)
antibodies
enzymes (facilitate biochem reactions)
hormonal proteins (insulin, oxytocin, TSH)

Question 32

Question 33

Question 34

nucleotides contain what?

Answer 34

nitrogenous base “nitrogen containing ring structure”

Question 35

Question 36

Question 37

Question 38

Question 39

what is atp adenosine triphosphate?

Answer 39

energy carrying molecule
temp storage energy being transferred from exergonic reactions to cellular activities
function
muscle contraction
chem transport

Question 40