anatomy and physiology lecture 2 : chemistry Flashcards
what are the 4 most abundant elements of life?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
what are the combining elements of the most abundant elements of life?
carbon - organic molecules
oxygen - water
hydrogen - water and acidity of body
nitrogen - proteins and nucleic acid
what are the next most abundant elements?
calcium, k “potassium”, p “phosphate”, s “sulfur”
with the next most abundant elements of life, what combinations go together?
ca - bone and teeth
k - intracellular fluid and action potential
p - many proteins
s - vitamins
what are the acids?
H+ donors
when dissolved in water they dissociate into H+ and an anion
what are the bases?
H+ acceptor or OH- donor
when dissolved in water they dissociate into OH- and a cation other than H+
what are salts?
ionic compounds
contains cations other than H+ and anions other than OH-
Bases have less what?
H+
What numbers run on the Ph scale?
0-14
the lower the number on the logarithmic ph scale the higher what?
H+ concentration
the lower the number, the higher acidity T/F
T
stomach acid is what on the Ph scale?
1
lemon juice, grapefruit juice and wine and tomato juice are what on the ph scale?
2, 3, 4
urine, milk, pure water, human blood where on ph scale?
6,7 (neutral)
milk of magnesia, household ammonia, household bleach, oven cleaner, limewater where on the ph scale?
10,11,12,13,14
what are the 4 categories of carbon compounds?
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleotides and nucleic acids
carbs produce the most of the energy needed for life , what does it generate?
ATP
what are carbs consisted of?
sugars, starches, glycogen and cellulose
what categories are carbs divided into?
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
EX of monosaccharides?
lipids contain what?
C, H, O
are lipids hydrophobic?
yes w fats and oils
lipids combine w proteins for transport in blood for…?
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
triglycerides are the most abundant type in the body , what are the derived from? where are they found?
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
it is found in blood, can raise risk of CAD (women are prone)
combinations of different amino acid connected together by a covalent bond >….
peptide bond
function of steroids?
structural proteins (collagens and elastin)
transport proteins (hemoglobin, cytochromes)
antibodies
enzymes (facilitate biochem reactions)
hormonal proteins (insulin, oxytocin, TSH)
nucleotides contain what?
nitrogenous base “nitrogen containing ring structure”
what is atp adenosine triphosphate?
energy carrying molecule
temp storage energy being transferred from exergonic reactions to cellular activities
function
muscle contraction
chem transport
