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Biology 121 > an introduction to the human body > Flashcards

an introduction to the human body Flashcards

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1
Q

what is one word to describe anatomy?

A

STRUCTURE
(describing how it looks)
ex. 2 atria in the heart
LV,RV etc.

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2
Q

what is the gross structure?

A

structures without microscope , what does it look like??

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3
Q

what is the systemic anatomy? think SYSTEM

A

goes by body systems
ex. cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular etc.

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4
Q

what is regional anatomy?

A

goes by specific region
ex. thorax, head & neck etc.

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5
Q

what is surface anatomy? how do we know the structure from the surface?

A

can determine by finger point what is located where w/no cutting or sx
i.e. abdomen, heart etc.

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6
Q

what is radio graphic anatomy?

A

study area inside the x ray

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7
Q

what is the black area of the x ray?

A

AIR

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8
Q

what root word means lung?

A

PNEUM

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9
Q

what is pneumothorax?

A

something that destroys double membrane in the lung
when air enters lung.
i.e. stab wound

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10
Q

any white areas on x ray?

A

fluid !!!

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11
Q

what is one word to describe physiology?

A

the FUNCTION
(how it works)
ex. the LV contracts to the aorta

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12
Q

what is histology ?

A

study of normal tissue under the microscope
ex. looking under microscope
bx of heart —- normal

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13
Q

what is pathology?

A

study of ABNORMAL tissue under the microscope w the eyes , study of DISEASE
can be at organ level or eye level
ex. surgeon sees white spots on x ray and he noticed an abnormal spot so he takes bx

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14
Q

what is embryology?

A

during first month of development
zygote builds body

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15
Q

what is pharmacology?

A

anything involving the drug
medication
study how it works and the mechanisms

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16
Q

what is physiology?

A

branch of bio that deals w the functions, mechanisms and activities of organisms at the cellular or organ system level. how body parts work.

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17
Q

what does pathophysiology mean?

A

how the normal tissue turns abnormal

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18
Q

what is the most important area of physiology?

A

renal physiology (physiology of the kidney and electrolytes)

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19
Q

what are the subdivisions of physiology?

A

neurophysiology, endocrinology, cardiovascular, immunology, respiratory, renal physiology, exercise physiology, pathophysiology

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20
Q

what is applied biology?

A

study of the real-world applications of the life sciences

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21
Q

what increases concentration of a substance?

A

the amount of molecules inside a cup of water/fluid
EX. adding more and more sugar to a cup of water

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22
Q

if cup A has two spoons sugar and cup B has one spoon sugar, which one has more concentration?

A

cup A

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23
Q

the concentration is the percentage of molecule to fluid. cup A has a lot of water and 2 spoon sugar. cup B has a little water but same amount 2 spoon sugar. which is more concentrated?

A

cup B —- has less fluid

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24
Q

what is polyphesia?

A

eating a lot

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25
Q

what is polyuria?

A

urinating a lot

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26
Q

what is the role of the pancreas?

A

produces insulin

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27
Q

what is the smallest unit of the unliving?

A

atoms

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28
Q

what is the smallest unit of life?

A

cell
ex. body, animal, plants

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29
Q

how is a human formed?

A

from chemical level of cells > cellular level > molecule > tissue level > organ level > system level > organismal level

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30
Q

what forms an organ?

A

multiple tissues together

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31
Q

the cell that shaped the tissue should have similar shape and similar function

A
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32
Q

multiple organs together form the system level

A
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33
Q

cell > tissue > organ > system > multi system (human)

A
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34
Q

what is metabolism?

A

all chemical processes in our body
food turns into sugar , no exercise , it turns to fat
anabolism : builds up
catabolism: breaks down

35
Q

what is differentiation?

A

when one cell gives you two different cells
ex. stem cells in bone marrow
sperm & ovum = zygote multiplies

36
Q

break down homeostasis

A

homeo = like/similar
stasis = condition or balance among various forces

37
Q

homeostasis

A

body’s ability to detect change , activate mechanisms to correct it, thereby maintain stable internal conditions
maintenance of a stable and constant condition of the internal environment that is optimal for functioning

ex. feel hot so you sweat

38
Q

what is anatomical position

A

subject stands erect , w the eyes looking forward and arms at the side, palms forward

39
Q

cranial

A

skull

40
Q

cubital

A

wrist

41
Q

patellar

A

front of knee

42
Q

orbital

A

eye

43
Q

thoracic

A

chest

44
Q

inguinal

A

groin

45
Q

metacarpal

A

hand/palm

46
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

47
Q

buccal

A

cheek

48
Q

axillary

A

armpit

49
Q

femoral

A

thigh

50
Q

gluteal

A

buttock

51
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

52
Q

digital

A

toes

53
Q

what is medial ?

A

closer to midline
sternum is medial to the heart

54
Q

what is lateral?

A

away from midline
ex heart from the sternum

55
Q

what is proximal?

A

closer to limb

56
Q

what is distal?

A

further from limb

57
Q

what is caudal?

A

close to the bottom

58
Q

anterior or ventral

A

out from chest

59
Q

what is posterior/dorsal?

A

away from back

60
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface
fat, lipid, fascia
superficial fascia: outer layer of fascia : outer layer of fat

61
Q

deep

A

towards the core of the body

62
Q

saggital body plane

A

midline

63
Q

transverse body plane

A

horizontal

64
Q

frontal

A

coronal

65
Q

what is the line dividing the upper and lower quadrants called?

A

cartilage it is called sub coastal line

66
Q

what line divides from the stomach to the pelvis region?

A

transtubercular line

67
Q

how many abdomino pelvic regions are there?

A

9

68
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants where do the vertical and horizontal lines pass?

A

through umbilicus

69
Q

what lines divide the abdomen into vertical lines?

A

midclavicular lines

70
Q

where is the vertebral cavity located?

A

near neck

71
Q

how does brain not get injured from trauma?

A

serous membrane surrounding it
double layer

72
Q

what does the visceral layer do?

A

covers the organs within the cavities
towards the outside

73
Q

what does the parietal layer do?

A

lines the cavity walls
inside

74
Q

lungs?

A

pleural

75
Q

air in the pluera?

A

pneumothorax

76
Q

fluid in pluera?

A

pleural effusion

77
Q

what is inspection in the non invasive diagnostic technique ?

A

look for anything looks abnormal
ex. discoloration, swelling etc.

78
Q

what is palpitation for non invasive diagnostic technique?

A

feeling body surfaces w hands to detect abnormality

79
Q

what is auscultation?

A

listening to body sounds to evaluate functions

80
Q

symptom vs sign?

A

symptom pt complaint
sign what dr. sees and observes

81
Q

what is percussion diagnostic technique?

A

placing left hand on body and tapping w other hand middle finger
fluid gives dull sounds vs air

82
Q

what is radionuclide scanning?

A

giving radioactive substance in an IV
(SPECT)

83
Q

what is PET scan?

A

injecting substance emitting positively charged particles into the body

84
Q

laparoscopy does what?

A

study organs in abdominopelvic organs

Biology 121 (8 decks)

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