LAB Exam 4

Question 1

neutrophils

Answer 1

-kills bacteria
-make up 65 % of WBC

Question 2

mature neutrophils are called

Answer 2

segs

Question 3

immature neutrophils are called

Answer 3

bands

Question 4

Eosinophils

Answer 4

-attack parasitic worms and fight allergy
- make up 1- 4% of WBC

Question 5

Basophils

Answer 5

-release histamine
- make up .5% of WBC

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

• make up 25% of WBC
• make B and T cells

Question 7

Monocytes

Answer 7

• make up 4-8% of WBC
• turn into macrophages

Question 8

High neutrophil count =

Answer 8

bacterial infection

Question 9

High lymphocyte count =

Answer 9

viral infectoin

Question 10

High eosinophil count =

Answer 10

parasitic worm or allergy

Question 11

Low lymphocyte count =

Answer 11

AIDS, or HIV

Question 12

High “BANDs” count =

Answer 12

acute bacterial infection

Question 13

Atypical lymphocyte =

Answer 13

mononucleosis (Epstein-Bar Virus)

Question 14

why is mononucleosis dangerous?

Answer 14

it can rupture

Question 15

Answer 15

Kidney
Ureter
Detrusor
Trigone
Urethra

Question 16

Answer 16

Renal Capsule
Renal Hilas

Question 17

Answer 17

Renal Pelvis
Major Calyces
Minor Calyces
Renal Papilla
Renal Pyramid

Question 17

Answer 17

Renal Medulla
Renal Cortex

Question 18

Answer 18

Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct

Question 19

Answer 19

Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephorn

Question 20

Answer 20

Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal Convoluted tubule

Question 21

Answer 21

Peritubular Capillaries

Question 22

Glucose (sugar) /ketone (fat) in urine =

Answer 22

Diabetes mellitus

Question 23

Bilirubin/Urobilinogen in urine =

Answer 23

liver pathology, hepatitis etc.

Question 24

Specific Gravity

Answer 24

higher concentration urine = dehydrated

Question 25

Blood/protein in urine =

Answer 25

kidney stone, urinary tract infection, trauma

Question 26

Systemic Pressure on GFR =

Answer 26

increase systemic pressure = increase GFR

Question 26

dialte/constrict effect on efferent arteriole and GFR

Answer 26

dilate= blood flows out faster= lower GFR Constrict= blood flows slower= high GFR

Question 26

Protein in urine =

Answer 26

kidney infection or trauma

Question 27

Nitrites/Leukocytes in urine =

Answer 27

UTI, urinary tract infection

Question 28

Medullary Solute Concentration

Answer 28

more concentration in medulla causes water reabsorption, leaving less water in tubules = less urine but more concentrated

Question 28

constrict/dilate effect on afferent arteriole and GFR

Answer 28

dilate = more blood = increase GFR constrict= less blood = decrease GFF

Question 29

Increase in H+ causes pH to ?

Answer 29

go down = acidic

Question 30

Decrease in H+ causes pH to ?

Answer 30

go up = basic

Question 31

Hyperventilate does to CO2/pH

Answer 31

CO2 goes down, pH goes up

Question 32

Effects of Rebreathing

Answer 32

breath more CO2, decrease pH = respiratory acidosis

Question 33

Normal pH level

Answer 33

7.35-7.45

Question 34

Acidosis

Answer 34

low pH, 7.35

Question 35

Alkalosis

Answer 35

high pH, 7.45

Question 36

respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

Answer 36

alkalosis- hyperventilation = CO2 goes down, pH goes up Acidosis- obstruction = CO2 goes up, pH goes down

Question 37

more CO2 and urine (alkalosis) =

Answer 37

filtrate more bicarb, keep H+

Question 38

less CO2 and urine (acidosis) =

Answer 38

filtrate more H+, keep bicarb

Question 39

increase in metabolic =

Answer 39

generate more CO2

Question 40

metabolic acidosis

Answer 40

body get rid of CO2, breathe faster

Question 41

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 41

breathing slows down, not making enough CO2