LAB Exam 4 Flashcards
neutrophils
-kills bacteria
-make up 65 % of WBC
mature neutrophils are called
segs
immature neutrophils are called
bands
Eosinophils
-attack parasitic worms and fight allergy
- make up 1- 4% of WBC
Basophils
-release histamine
- make up .5% of WBC
Lymphocytes
- make up 25% of WBC
- make B and T cells
Monocytes
- make up 4-8% of WBC
- turn into macrophages
High neutrophil count =
bacterial infection
High lymphocyte count =
viral infectoin
High eosinophil count =
parasitic worm or allergy
Low lymphocyte count =
AIDS, or HIV
High “BANDs” count =
acute bacterial infection
Atypical lymphocyte =
mononucleosis (Epstein-Bar Virus)
why is mononucleosis dangerous?
it can rupture
Kidney
Ureter
Detrusor
Trigone
Urethra
Renal Capsule
Renal Hilas
Renal Pelvis
Major Calyces
Minor Calyces
Renal Papilla
Renal Pyramid
Renal Medulla
Renal Cortex
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephorn
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal Convoluted tubule
Peritubular Capillaries
Glucose (sugar) /ketone (fat) in urine =
Diabetes mellitus
Bilirubin/Urobilinogen in urine =
liver pathology, hepatitis etc.
Specific Gravity
higher concentration urine = dehydrated
Blood/protein in urine =
kidney stone, urinary tract infection, trauma
Systemic Pressure on GFR =
increase systemic pressure = increase GFR
dialte/constrict effect on efferent arteriole and GFR
dilate= blood flows out faster= lower GFR
Constrict= blood flows slower= high GFR
Protein in urine =
kidney infection or trauma
Nitrites/Leukocytes in urine =
UTI, urinary tract infection
Medullary Solute Concentration
more concentration in medulla causes water reabsorption, leaving less water in tubules = less urine but more concentrated
constrict/dilate effect on afferent arteriole and GFR
dilate = more blood = increase GFR
constrict= less blood = decrease GFF
Increase in H+ causes pH to ?
go down = acidic
Decrease in H+ causes pH to ?
go up = basic
Hyperventilate does to CO2/pH
CO2 goes down, pH goes up
Effects of Rebreathing
breath more CO2, decrease pH = respiratory acidosis
Normal pH level
7.35-7.45
Acidosis
low pH, 7.35
Alkalosis
high pH, 7.45
respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
alkalosis- hyperventilation = CO2 goes down, pH goes up
Acidosis- obstruction = CO2 goes up, pH goes down
more CO2 and urine (alkalosis) =
filtrate more bicarb, keep H+
less CO2 and urine (acidosis) =
filtrate more H+, keep bicarb
increase in metabolic =
generate more CO2
metabolic acidosis
body get rid of CO2, breathe faster
metabolic alkalosis
breathing slows down, not making enough CO2
