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AAP > AAP Lec 6 cardiovascular > Flashcards

AAP Lec 6 cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer most layer

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2
Q

Parietal serous pericardium

A

lines the fibrous percardium

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3
Q

Visceral serous pericardium

A

also known as epicardium
lines outside of the heart

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

innermost lining of the heart

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

thick muscular layer

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6
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

carry blood to and from lungs

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7
Q

Systemic circuit

A

carry blood to and from all over the body

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8
Q

Sequence of heart beat

A

SA node
AV node
AV bundle
Bundle Branches
Purkinje fibers

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9
Q

Cardiac centers located in?

A

Medulla oblongata

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10
Q

cardioacceleratory (sympathetic)

A

innervates SA and AV nodes, heart muscle, and coronary arteries
(heart rate & contraction)

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11
Q

cardioinhibitory (parasympathetic)

A

inhibits SA and AV nodes in the vagus nerve

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12
Q

lub

A

beginning of systole, AV valve closes

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13
Q

dub

A

beginning of diastolic, SL valve closes

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14
Q

ventricular filling (cardiac cycle step 1)

A

AV valves are open
80% blood moves passively
Atrial systole occurs, delivers remaining 20% of blood
End diastolic volume

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15
Q

Ventricular Systole (cardiac cycle step 2)

A

Isovolumetric = all valves close
ventricular pressure has to be higher than arterial pressure to push blood

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16
Q

Isovolumetric relaxation (cardiac cycle 3)

A

ventricle relax
backflow of blood in aorta and pulmonary trunk closes SL valves causes dicrotic notch (brief rise in aortic pressure)

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17
Q

cardiac reserve

A

difference between resting and maximum cardiac output

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18
Q

stroke volume is regulated by

A

preload
contractility
afterload

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19
Q

Preload

A

rubber band effect (increases SV)
bigger the stretch stronger the contraction

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20
Q

Contractility

A

Increased Ca+ influx due to sympathetic stimulation
stronger contraction = higher SV

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21
Q

Afterload

A

has to overcome the pressure to eject blood (lowers SV)

22
Q

positive chronotropic factor

A

increase heart rate

23
Q

negative chronotropic factor

A

decrease heart rate

24
Q

Sympathetic activated by

A

emotion or physical stress

25
Q

Noreoinephrine causes

A

pacemaker to beat faster

26
Q

parasympathetic regulation

A

vagal tone (heart at rest)

27
Q

blood flow

A

blood flowing through a vessel

28
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure pushing on wall of blood vessels

29
Q

blood viscocity

A

stickiness of blood due to formed elements and plasma protein

30
Q

blood vessel length

A

longer the vessel, longer the resistance

31
Q

blood vessel diameter

A

frequently changes and altar peripheral resistance

32
Q

Systolic pressure

A

pressure during ventricular contraction(squeezeing)

33
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

lowest level of arterial pressure

34
Q

Pulse pressure

A

difference between Systolic/diastolic pressure

35
Q

Respiratory pump

A

pressure changes during breathing move blood to the heart

36
Q

muscular pump

A

contraction of muscular muscle, milk blood towards the heart an valves prevent bacflow

37
Q

Short-term neural and hormonal regulation

A

adjusts BP by altering peripheral resistance

38
Q

long-term renal regulations

A

counteracts changes in blood pressure by blood volume

39
Q

MAP

A

Mean arterial pressure
propels blood through the tissue

40
Q

Baroreceptors

A

controls blood pressure by resistance
more pressure=dilate vessels
less pressure= constrict vessels
tells vasomotor to dilate arteries and veins

41
Q

short term hormonal controls that causes vasoconstriction

A

norepinephrine/epinephrine, Renin releases Angiotensin II (ADH)- vasopressin

42
Q

short-term hormone that causes vasodilation

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (sodium)

43
Q

Long-term mechanism

A

control BP by BV
kidney regulate arterial BP by direct/indirect mechanism

44
Q

Direct mechanism

A

High BP or BV causes kidneys to pee more reducing BP
Decreased BP or BV causes kidneys to keep more water and BP rises

45
Q

Anastomose

A

provide collateral routes in case of blockage

46
Q

Angiogenesis

A

vessels to a region increases and existing vessels enlarge

47
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

connect pulmonary trunk to aorta

48
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

right atrium to left atrium

49
Q

Ductus venosus

A

umbilical vein to inferior vena cava

50
Q

What is shunt closer

A

first breath in a new born

51
Q

umbilical vein

A

oxygenated blood from placenta to fetal heart

52
Q

Umbilical arteries

A

deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta

AAP (10 decks)

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