Cell Biology

Question 1

Amino Acid

Answer 1

Chain of protein

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

master blue print for protein synthesis
A double stranded helix in the nucleus

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

segment of DNA for one protein

Question 4

Ribonucleic Acid RNA

Answer 4

single stranded molecule that carries out DNA orders for protein synthesis

Question 5

Transcription Process

Answer 5

-DNA is being copied inside the nucleus
-RNA Polymerase unzips the double stranded DNA into a template and coding strand
-single stranded MRNA makes a complimentary copy of the template strand

Question 6

RNA Polymerase

Answer 6

-Enzyme that build mRNA polymer
-Unzips DNA helix

Question 7

Translation

Answer 7

-Occurs in the cytosol and requires ribosomes
-Converts base sequence of mRNA into amino acid sequence of proteins

Question 8

Process of Translation

Answer 8

-mRNA attaches to ribosome
-anticodon of tRNA binds to complementary codon of mRNA adding its amino acid to the forming protein chain
-new amino acids are added by other tRNA until ribosome stop codon is reached

Question 9

mRNA

Answer 9

Copy of DNA
carries instruction for building polyeptide from a gene in DNA

Question 10

rRNA

Answer 10

a structural component of ribosome that helps translate message from mRNA

Question 11

tRNA

Answer 11

Binds to amino acids that pairs with codon bases of mRNA at ribosome to begin the process of protein synthesis

Question 12

Structural Protein

Answer 12

muscle proteins, collagen, and keratin

Question 13

Functional Protein

Answer 13

Enzymes, speeds up reaction

Question 14

Temperature impact on enzymes

Answer 14

-normal body temp keeps enzyme activity at peak
-moderate fever makes enzymes more efficient
-severe fever may cause enzymes to break down (denaturation)

Question 15

DNA replication occurs?

Answer 15

during the S phase of interphase

Question 16

Semiconservative Replication

Answer 16

new strand of DNA is made up of 1 new and 1 old strand

Question 17

Helicase

Answer 17

Enzyme that unzips original helix and exposes complementary DNA strands

Question 18

DNA Polymerase

Answer 18

-polymerizes nucleotides into new strands
-proof reads new strands and removes most mistakes

Question 19

DNA Ligase

Answer 19

-splices together short segments of discontinuous strand
-fills Okazaki segments

Question 20

Mitosis

Answer 20

Nuclear division, 4 phases, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase

Question 21

Prophase

Answer 21

-1st stage of mitosis
-chromotain supercoiled
-nucleolus broken down
-spindle fibers grow
-centriole pairs pushed apart
-dissolution of nuclear evelope

Question 22

Metaphase

Answer 22

-2nd stage of mitosis
-chromosomes align at the equator of cell
-spindle fibers attach at centromere of each chromosone

Question 23

Anaphase

Answer 23

3rd stage
spindle fibers move sister chromatids apart towards poles

Question 24

Telephase

Answer 24

nuclear reforms

Question 25

Cytokinesis

Answer 25

division of cytoplasm

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

Gamete formation

Question 27

prophase 1 in meiosis

Answer 27

synapsis occur dna replication

Question 28

Recombination (crossing over) in meiosis

Answer 28

homologous chromosomes bind to one another