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AAP > Immune > Flashcards

Immune Flashcards

1
Q

Innate defense system

A

first line of defense is skin and mucus membrane
second line of defense- phagocytes, natural killer, inflammation

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2
Q

Adaptive defense system

A

third line of defense, attacks particular foreign substances

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3
Q

Function of the skin

A

physical barrier, slightly acidic oil and sweat wash pathogens away

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4
Q

Function of mucus

A

Traps pathogens, lysozymes in saliva destroy pathogens

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5
Q

macrophages function

A

roam tissue destroying pathogens

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6
Q

neutrophils

A

attack and destroy bacteria

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7
Q

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

A

-target cells that lack “self” cell-surface receptors
-Attack cancer and virus-infected cell

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8
Q

Inflammatory response

A

triggered when body is injured
prevent spread of damaging agents
sets stage for repair

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9
Q

acute inflammation

A

redness, heat, swelling, and pain

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10
Q

inflammatory chemical cause?

A

Vasodilation, leakage of fluid

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11
Q

Edema

A

increased fluid in an area

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12
Q

Leukocytosis

A

release of neutrophils from bone marrow

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13
Q

margination

A

neutrophils cling to walls of capillaries

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14
Q

diapedesis

A

neutrophils exit through capillary pores

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15
Q

chemotaxis

A

neutrophils follow the chemical trail of bacteria

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16
Q

Interferons (IFNs)

A

-triggered by viral infected cells
-enter neighbor cells
-neighbor cells produce antiviral protein to block viral reproduction

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17
Q

Functions of interferons

A

anti-viral
reduce inflammation
activate macrophages and NK cells

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18
Q

genetically engineered IFNs job

A

antiviral agents against hepatitis, genital warts, and treat multiple sclerosis

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19
Q

Complement

A

uses membrane attack complex to poke holes in membrane causing cells to rupture

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20
Q

Pyrogens

A

reset the body’s temperature

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21
Q

benefits of moderate fever

A

liver and spleen secrete iron and zinc
increases MBR, speeding repair

22
Q

Humoral immunity

A

B-cells

23
Q

Cellular immuinty

A

T-cells

24
Q

Important functions of Complete Antigens

A

immunogenicity- stimulates lymphocytes and antibodies
reactivity- the ability to react to the product
being able to trigger a response and its working

25
Q

Haptens

A

small molecules that are not harmful by themselves, harmful when attached to body protein

26
Q

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

A

Present fragments of antigen to be recognized by T cells
dendritic cells
macrophages
B cells

27
Q

2 type of lypmphocytes

A

B lymphocytes (B cells)- humoral immunity
T lymphocytes (T cells)- cell-mediated immunity

28
Q

B cells mature

A

in red bone marrow

29
Q

T cells mature

A

Thymus

30
Q

T cell function

A

destroy foreign cells

31
Q

B cells produce?

A

Plasma cells

32
Q

Plasma cells

A

secrete antibodies

33
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

-proteins secreted by plasma
circulate in blood, lymph, and other bodily fluid
-capable of binding specifically with antigen detected by B cells
-antibody binding facilitates destruction of antigen

34
Q

IgM

A

activates complement

35
Q

IgA (secretory IgA)

A

in mucus, milk, saliva, help prevent pathogen entry

36
Q

IgD

A

functions as B cell receptor

37
Q

IgG

A

crosses the placenta barreir

38
Q

IgE

A

allergy and parasitic infections, cause release of histamine

39
Q

Neutralization

A

inactivation of antigen

40
Q

Agglutination

A

Clumping of antigens

41
Q

Precipitation

A

Attaching antigens to each other to facilitate phagocytosis

42
Q

Complete fixation

A

antibody body binding to antigen and activated complement

43
Q

Primary humoral response

A
  1. Clonal selection
  2. 3-6 days to figure which b cells will match
  3. antigen finds receptor that will bind with it
  4. Clone B cells
  5. B Cell become plasma cells making antibodies
  6. become memory cells
44
Q

Secondary humoral response

A
  • occurs when re-exposure happens
  • response happens faster, within hours
  • levels peak at 2-3 days at higher levels
  • antibody level can remain high for weeks to months
45
Q

Active humoral immunity

A

you make the antibodies
naturally- response to bacteria or virus
artificially- response from vaccine

46
Q

Passive humoral immunity

A

you received antibody
naturally- fetus from placenta, baby from moms milk
artificially- injection of serum

47
Q

Vaccines targets?

A

only one type of T helper cell, fail to establish cellular immunological memmory

48
Q

Two type of T cell surface receptor

A

CD4 & CD8, play a role in interactions with other cells

49
Q

CD4 when activated becomes

A

helper T cells

50
Q

CD8 becomes?

A

cytotoxic T cells

51
Q

No T Helper cells means?

A

no immune response

52
Q

Cytotoxic cells

A

attack and kill other cells
release perforins

AAP (10 decks)

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