Lab Exam Flashcards
RNA
Single-stranded The genetic material of some viruses Bases A, U, G, and C It has ribose as sugar There are three types of RNAs mRNA: carries information to make proteins rRNA: Assembles amino acids tRNA: Transfers amino acids
DNA
Double-stranded
Bases A, T, G, and C
It has deoxyribose as sugar
Function of RNA
Forms ribosomes
Bones to know (Skull & Neck)
Zygomatic: Cheekbone
Frontal: Front of skull
Mandible: Lower jaw
Maxilla: Upper jaw
Hyoid: U-shaped bone at the root of the tongue
Bones to know (Chest)
Sternum: A long bone in the center of the chest articulates with and supports the collarbones of the shoulder girdle and the ribs.
Clavicle: The collar bone
Bones to know (Limbs)
Femur: The longest and strongest bone in the body, also known as the thigh bone
Humerus: The largest bone in the upper part of the body, the upper arm, and joints with the radius and ulna
Ulna: One of two bones that makes up the forearm. Also the larger of the two
Radius: The other of the two bones that make up the forearm, the shorter of the two, on the thumb side
Muscles to know
Gluteus maximus: The most superficial of the gluteal muscles and is classified as hip muscles. The muscle is also in the butt area
Trapezius: A muscle that extends over the back of the neck and shoulders. Moves the head and shoulder blades.
Triceps brachii: A large, thick muscle on the back of the upper arm. This muscle consists of 3 parts: the medial, lateral, and long head. This muscle is responsible for the extension of the elbow joint
Biceps brachii: Commonly known as the biceps, it is a large, thick muscle on the underside of the upper arm. The muscle is composed of a short head and a long head. The long head is located on the side of the biceps brachii while the short head is located in the middle.
Function of the skeletal system
To produce blood
Provide protection to internal organs
Serve as a reservoir for calcium
Provides strength
Eye defects
Presbyopia: As we age, our lens loses its elasticity, and we slowly lose our ability to accommodate.
Myopia: Near-Sightedness
Hyperopia: Far-Sightedness
Astigmatism: A curved cornea
Sensory Adaptation
The process in which your neurons stop responding to a stimulus.
Example: After wearing perfume for a long time, you don’t smell it anymore.
DOESN’T APPLY TO PAIN STIMULUS
Why neural exams are performed
To test for neural function.
Order of cell division:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
What is the most compelling evidence of single origin of life?
The similarity of DNA across all organisms
Homologous
The same morphology and likely developed from a common ancestors
Example: Human arm, cat leg, whale flipper, and bat wing
Analogous
Different morphology but similar functions and likely developed independently of one another
Example: The wing of a bird, the wing of a bat, and the wing of an insect
