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Microbiology 260 > Lab exam 1: objectives > Flashcards

Lab exam 1: objectives Flashcards

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1
Q

Long hair must be tied back because _____________________. Select all that apply.

It is a potential source of contamination

It will ruin your microscope.

It would never contaminate cultures

Is a likely target for fire if Bunsen burners are used.

A

It is a potential source of contamination

Is a likely target for fire if Bunsen burners are used.

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2
Q

The function of agar in the culture media is:

to inhibit the growth of mold

to inhibit the growth of parasites

to act as a solidifying agent

to serve as nutrients

A

to act as a solidifying agent

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3
Q

You will sample ________ to demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of microbes today. Select all that apply.

the wall

your hands

your desk

your shoe

your head/hair

A

your hands

your desk

your head/hair

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4
Q

EVEN RELATIVELY “HARMLESS” BACTERIA WHEN CULTIVATED ON A GROWTH MEDIUM, ARE IN SUFFICIENT NUMBERS TO CONSTITUTE A HEALTH HAZARD.

True

False

A

True

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5
Q

Plates must be ________ and then incubated. Select all that apply.

labeled

shaken

soaked in bleach

inverted

A

labeled

inverted

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6
Q

Total magnification = magnification by the _____ lens x magnification by the ___lens.

ocular…ocular

objective…objective

ocular…objective

A

ocular…objective

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7
Q

Read the instructions for using the microscope carefully. _________ is used for cleaning the condenser and objective lenses.

A paper towel

A kim wipe

Blotting paper (bibulous paper)

Lens paper

A

Lens paper

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8
Q

When you start, the condenser should be nearly even with the stage and the iris diaphragm should be open.

True

False

A

True

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9
Q

Parfocal means that the _______________________. If you don’t remember this, please review what you learned about microscopes in your general biology class or research online.

image will move out of focus as you increase magnification

image should remain mostly in focus as you increase in magnification

the course focus will need to be adjusted

the course focus will be necessary

A

image should remain mostly in focus as you increase in magnification

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10
Q

Before advancing to a higher objective, the specimen must be _____________.
Select 2 choices.

in focus

centered

out of the center

to the right on the slide

A

in focus

centered

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11
Q

If you are working with a bacterial smear, you must use the ________lens in the final step.

scan

low power

40X

oil immersion

A

oil immersion

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12
Q

It is extremely important to work through the 10X, then 40X objectives, adjusting the fine focus and lighting for each before advancing to oil immersion.

True

False

A

True

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13
Q

The scan, 10X and 40X lenses and other parts of the microscope should not get any oil on them.

True…This is very important

False…All lenses should be used with oil

A

True… This is very important

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14
Q

The stage should be moved down to add oil to the slide.

True

False

A

False

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15
Q

To remove the oil from the lenses, ______ should be used.

a kim wipe

bibulous paper

a paper towel

lens paper

A

lens paper

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16
Q

You have a used, unbroken test tube to discard since you have opened it and it is no longer sterile. Where will you place the test tube?

In the garbage can.

Leave in rack and place in discard window.

Back up front in the racks with other sterile test tubes.

In the red or orange biohazard bags.

A

Leave in rack and place in discard window.

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17
Q

Where do you discard your used agar plates, swabs, and other contaminated non-sharp items?

In the regular trash cans.

In the biohazard bags.

In the brown baskets at the front of the lab.

In the front of the lab by the other sterile petri dishes.

A

In the biohazard bags.

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18
Q

When do safety goggles need to be worn in the lab? Select 3 choices.

When looking through the microscope.

When staining bacteria.

When working with any chemicals in the lab.

When working with live bacteria in tubes or plates.

A

When staining bacteria.

When working with any chemicals in the lab.

When working with live bacteria in tubes or plates.

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19
Q

Where is the fire extinguisher in our lab?

Right next to the first aid kit.

In a cabinet on the side of the lab.

By the hooks where backpacks and coats are stored.

At the front of the lab by the prep room.

A

At the front of the lab by the prep room.

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20
Q

Which of the following should you do if you need to leave the room in the middle of a lab? Select 5 choices.

Leave your gloves on.

Leave your lab coat on.

Remove your lab coat.

Remove your gloves.

Don’t wash your hands.

Take your plates home with you.

Wash your hands.

A

Remove your lab coat.

Remove your gloves.

Don’t wash your hands.

Take your plates home with you.

Wash your hands.

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21
Q

When should you clean your lab bench with disinfectant? Select 3 choices.

Only once at the start of lab.

If you have a spill or splatter of bacteria.

Only once at the end of lab.

Never since the lab technician cleans the benches each day.

At the start of lab after you put on gloves.

At the end of lab when you are still wearing your gloves.

A

If you have a spill or splatter of bacteria.

At the start of lab after you put on gloves.

At the end of lab when you are still wearing your gloves.

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22
Q

Where do you discard used microscope slides?

The sharps container.

The red biohazard bag.

The regular trash can.

In your garbage at home.

A

The sharps container.

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23
Q

Tubes must be carried in _______ to avoid carrying them in handfuls which could lead to spills.

by the caps

plastic baggies

sharps containers

racks

A

racks

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24
Q

If you have a spill or a splatter, what are the correct steps in order for cleaning?

cover the spill with a paper towel, soak with disinfectant for 5 minutes, discard materials and contaminated gloves in the biohazard bag

cover the spill disinfectant, wipe with a paper towel, discard materials and contaminated gloves in the biohazard bag

cover the spill with a paper towel, soak with disinfectant for 20 minutes, discard materials and contaminated gloves in the biohazard bag

A

cover the spill with a paper towel, soak with disinfectant for 20 minutes, discard materials and contaminated gloves in the biohazard bag

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25
Q

What could happen if you work directly over your books rather than the lab bench? Select 3 choices.

Your book could be ruined if bacteria are spilled on it.

If you have a spill, you can take a contaminated book out of the lab without
autoclaving it.

You could have a spill on your books

If you spill on your book, it will have to be autoclaved before it leaves the lab.

A

Your book could be ruined if bacteria are spilled on it.

You could have a spill on your books

If you spill on your book, it will have to be autoclaved before it leaves the la

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26
Q

Your lab coat must be buttoned in case of a spill.

True

False

A

True

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27
Q

If you see rods under the microscope, the morphology is:

Bacillus

Coccus

Staphylo

Strepto

A

Bacillus

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28
Q

Bacteria have a ____________________________ surface.

positively-charged

uncharged

negatively-charged

A

negatively-charged

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29
Q

If you see spheres under the microscope, the morphology of the bacteria is:

Bacillus

Staphylo

Coccus

Strepto

A

Coccus

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30
Q

If you look in the microscope and see chains of organisms, the prefix is termed:

bacillus

staphylo

clusters

coccus

strepto

A

strepto

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31
Q

If you look in the microscope and see clusters of organisms, the prefix is termed:

strepto

spirals

coccus

staphylo

chains

A

staphylo

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32
Q

If you see rods under the microscope, the morphology is:

Bacillus

Coccus

Staphylo

Strepto

Singles

A

Bacillus

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33
Q

The name of the dye used in the negative stain is ________ and it is ________________.

Nigrosin….acidic

Methylene blue….basic

Nigrosin…..basic

Crystal Violet….acidic

Methylene blue…..acidic

A

Nigrosin….acidic

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34
Q

Bacteria have a ____________________________ surface.

positively-charged

negatively-charged

A

negatively-charged

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35
Q

The negative staining technique is used to: choose 2

determine morphology and cellular arrangement that are too delicate to withstand heat-fixing

determine the accurate size since there is minimal cell shrinkage

identify acid-fast organisms

differentiate gram-negative organisms

A

determine morphology and cellular arrangement that are too delicate to withstand heat-fixing

determine the accurate size since there is minimal cell shrinkage

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36
Q

If you look in the microscope and see chains of organisms, the prefix is termed:

bacillus

staphylo

clusters

coccus

strepto

A

strepto

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37
Q

If you look in the microscope and see clusters of organisms, the prefix is termed:

strepto

spirals

coccus

staphylo

chains

A

staphylo

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38
Q

The dye we will use for the negative stain is called________, and it will stain the _____.

Crystal violet…cells

Safranin…background

Nigrosin…background

Malachite green….cells

A

Nigrosin….background

39
Q

A colony forms where an original cell or colony-forming unit is deposited on a solid nutrient medium. The cell divides to eventually form a visible mass of cells.

True

False

A

True

40
Q

Streak Plate Technique: Why should the lid be used as a shield during the streak plate method?

To prevent airborne contamination

To avoid misplacing it

The lid should not be used as a shield

To keep the loop warm

A

To prevent airborne contamination

41
Q

A use of the streak plate technique is to:

obtain isolation of individual species from a mixed sample

heavily grow the organisms

obtain a mixed culture

A

obtain isolation of individual species from a mixed sample

42
Q

How many times will you dip into your original culture when performing a streak plate?

3 times

2 times

only once, to streak the first region.

A

only once, to streak the first region.

43
Q

Before leaving the lab each day, you need to _______ to be in compliance with the safety rules. Select 2 choices.

smile and give a sigh of relief

disinfect your lab bench

wash your hands

A

disinfect your lab bench

wash your hands

44
Q

Organisms and chemicals must never be ___________.

examined in the laboratory

labeled in the laboratory

removed from the laboratory

opened in the laboratory

A

removed from the laboratory

45
Q

Which of the following must not be done or worn in the laboratory? Select 4 choices.

wear a used lab coat out of the laboratory

wear gloves out of the laboratory

open-toed shoes or sandals

apply cosmetics

A

all the above

46
Q

It is acceptable to ______ in the laboratory.

throw broken glass in the regular trash can

lay down culture tubes on the table

mouth pipette

place used microscope slides in a “sharps” container

A

place used microscope slides in a “sharps” container

47
Q

Your workspace needs to be disinfected:

only after working

every 15 minutes

before and after working

only before working

A

before and after working

48
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar(MSA): Mannitol Salt Agar is _______ and is used for the isolation of ____________.

Selective….. Staphylococcus aureus

Selective and Differential ……..Staphylococcus aureus

Enriched …..Escherichia coli

Differential….Escherichia coli

Enriched and Differential …. Staphylococcus aureus

A

Selective and Differential ……..Staphylococcus aureus

49
Q

MSA contains the carbohydrate ____________. The high NaCl concentration favors the growth of staphylococci and _______ the growth of other organisms.

mannitol….increases

lactose….increases

glucose…inhibits

glucose…increases

mannitol..inhibits

A

mannitol..inhibits

50
Q

Sheep Blood Agar: If complete clearing around the colonies appears, the hemolysis is:

gamma

alpha

beta

A

beta

51
Q

Sheep Blood Agar: If no clearing around the colonies appears, the hemolysis is:

beta

alpha

gamma

delta

A

gamma

52
Q

Coliforms are normal gram-_______ inhabitants of the human ________.

positive…skin

negative…skin

positive…intestinal tract

negative…intestinal tract

A

negative…intestinal tract

53
Q

Phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA) is mostly selective for _________ organisms. This is because PEA inhibits the growth of many Gram-negative while only some Gram-positive organisms. PEA is _________________.

Gram-positive….selective and differential

Gram-positive….selective only

Gram-negative…selective and differential

Gram-negative…selective only

A

Gram-positive….selective only

54
Q

MacConkey agar is:

selective and differential

enriched and differential

selective only

differential only

A

selective and differential

55
Q

A hot pink color was observed on colonies growing on MacConkey agar. These organisms are capable of _______________ fermentation.

glucose

lactose

sucrose

galactose

A

lactose

56
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar: If an organism grows on this agar and ferments mannitol, the appearance will be:

Red growth with no halo

Yellow growth or halo

A

Yellow growth or halo

57
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar: The name of the selective agent in this medium is:

bile salts

mannitol

NaCl

crystal violet

A

NaCl

58
Q

Blood Agar: If a greenish appearance is observed on blood agar, the hemolysis is:

alpha

gamma

beta

A

alpha

59
Q

Blood Agar: Blood agar is:

Enriched (will grow fastidious organisms) and Differential (organisms may look different)

Enriched

Selective

Differential

A

Enriched (will grow fastidious organisms) and Differential (organisms may look different)

60
Q

Incinerators need to warm up for ________ prior to using. The loops need to be heated in the incinerators for ______________.

5 minutes….1 minute

7 seconds….10 minutes

10 minutes….7 seconds

10 minutes….2 seconds

A

10 minutes….7 seconds

61
Q

If you see spherical shaped organisms under the microscope, the morphology of the bacteria is:

Singles

Coccus

Staphylo

Strepto

A

Coccus

62
Q

Bacteria have a _________ surface.

positively-charged

uncharged

negatively-charged

A

negatively-charged

63
Q

If you look in the microscope and see clusters of organisms, the prefix is termed ________.

strepto

staphylo

chains

spirals

A

staphylo

64
Q

Purple organisms observed on a Gram stain are:

Gram-positive

Gram-negative

A

Gram-positive

65
Q

Red organisms observed on a Gram stain are:

Gram-negative

Gram-positive

A

Gram-negative

66
Q

The name of the decolorizer is:

Gram’s iodine

95% alcohol (same as 95% ethanol)

acid-alcohol

A

95% alcohol (same as 95% ethanol)

67
Q

The Gram stain is a(n):

differential stain

acid-fast stain

simple stain

A

differential stain

68
Q

Red color is observed all throughout the growth medium in a motility test. Is this organism motile?

No

Yes

A

Yes

69
Q

Is an organism that remains along the stabline motile?

No

Yes

A

No

70
Q

Motility test medium is inoculated with a:

both a loop and a needle

needle

loop

either a loop or a needle

A

needle

71
Q

An organism appears reddish/purple/hot pink following an acid-fast stain. Is this organism acid-fast?

Yes

No

A

Yes

72
Q

The substance called _________________ causes this organism to be acid-fast.

phospholipids

mycolic acid

lipid A

peptidoglycan

A

mycolic acid

73
Q

Which of the following organisms may be acid-fast? Select 2 choices.

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Staphylococcus aureus

Escherichia coli

A

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

74
Q

The acid-fast stains are used:

as a rapid, preliminary diagnosis of tuberculosis

to track the progress of antibiotic therapy in tubercuolosis patients

determine how contagious a person with tuberculosis is

All of the choices are correct.

A

All of the choices are correct.

75
Q

Do endospores appear as green ovals or spheres?

No

Yes

A

Yes

76
Q

Only a few genera produce endospores. Among them are the genera:

Bacillus and Clostridium

Staphylococcus and Escherichia

Bacillus and Staphyloccocus

Clostridium and Escherichia

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

77
Q

The spore stain may be useful for patients with___________. Select 4 choices.

tetanus

gas gangrene

pseudomembranous colitis

botulism

tuberculosis

A

tetanus, gangrene, pseudomembranous colitis, botulism.

78
Q

The first stain you will need to apply to your smear is called ____.

Safranin

Crystal Violet

Malachite Green

Methylene Blue

A

Malachite Green

79
Q

Growing vegetative cells on your endospore stain will appear ___________________.

Yellow

Red

Purple

Green

A

Red

80
Q

The mode of action of chloramphenicol is:

cell wall inhibitor

plasma membrane inhibitor

metabolic inhibitor

protein synthesis inhibitor

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

81
Q

The mode of action of ciprofloxacin is:

metabolic inhibitor

cell wall inhibitor

DNA replication inhibitor

plasma membrane inhibitor

A

DNA replication inhibitor

82
Q

The mode of action of trimethoprim is:

protein synthesis inhibitor

inhibits folic acid synthesis which inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis

cell wall inhibitor

A

inhibits folic acid synthesis which inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis

83
Q

Which of the following antibiotics would be effective against fungi?

Chloramphenicol

treptomycin

Tetracycline

None of the choices since fungi are eukaryotic

None of the choices since fungi are prokaryotic.

A

None of the choices since fungi are eukaryotic

84
Q

The mode of action of penicillin is

cell wall inhibitor

metabolic inhibitor

plasma membrane inhibitor

protein synthesis inhibitor

A

cell wall inhibitor

85
Q

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is a standardized testing method used to measure the effectiveness of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents on pathogenic microbe. It is often an essential tool in _____.

prescribing appropriate treatment

killing all pathogens

identification of microbes

A

prescribing appropriate treatment

86
Q

Each lab team will need a total of _________ plates.

4

8

6

2

A

8

87
Q

_____ of sterile water will be added to tubes 1 and 2. Then, ______ of water will be added to tubes 3,4, and 5. They must be kept covered.

990 microliters….900 microliters

900 microliters….990 microliters

10 microliters….100 microliters

A

990 microliters….900 microliters

88
Q

When preparing dilution tube 4, ______ from dilution tube ____ will be transferred and then mixed well.

100 microliters…tube 4

10 microliters…tube 4

10 microliters….tube 3

100 microliters…tube 3

A

100 microliters…tube 3

88
Q

After the original broth culture is mixed, you will aseptically transfer ___ to dilution tube 1 and then mix well.

10 microliters

900 microliters

990 microliters

100 microliters

A

10 microliters

89
Q

In order to plate the bacteria, _______ from the dilution tubes will be aspeptically transferred to a plate.

900 microliters

990 microliters

100 microliters

A

100 microliters

90
Q

A standard plate count is an indirect means of estimating microbial _____ of a liqud sample using the number of ________ that a portion of the sample produces when spread onto an agar plate.

colonies…..actual cells under the microscope

cell density….actual cells under the microscope

colonies…cell density

cell density….colonies

A

cell density….colonies

91
Q

A countable plate is one that contains between ____________ individual colonies.

30-300

30-200

20-200

10-300

A

30-300

92
Q

A serial dilution is a series of controlled transfers-several small dilutions, each one compounding the previous on until the sample is reduced to one millionth or less of its original density. Diluting a sample does the following 2 important things:

systematically increases cell density….can mathematically link the unknown origianl cell desnity with the known number of colonies on the plate

systematically decreases cell density….can mathematically link the known original cell density with the known number of colonies on the plate

systematically decreases cell density….can mathematically link the unknown original cell density with the known number of colonies on the plate

A

systematically decreases cell density….can mathematically link the unknown original cell density with the known number of colonies on the plate

93
Q

If 2 mL of broth is being diluted (V1) by combining it with 8 mL of diluent, what is the dilution factor?

2/10

1/10

1/8

2/8

A

2/10

Microbiology 260 (8 decks)

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