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Anatomy and physiology of Domesticated Animals > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cattle teeth

A
  • bone

- dental pad on the maxilla replaces incisors/canines

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2
Q

Sheep teeth

A
  • no top incisors has a dental pad
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3
Q

White tail deer teeth

A
  • grinding and chewing teeth

- no top incisors

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4
Q

Horse teeth

A
  • bone, constantly erupting teeth
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5
Q

Mule teeth

A
  • massive bone structures, constantly erupting teeth (much bigger than horse)
  • upper incisors for grabbing
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6
Q

Pig teeth

A
  • bone and replica (omnivore)

- lots of molars (grinding teeth)

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7
Q

Human teeth

A
  • replica

- hetero

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8
Q

Cottontail rabbit teeth

A
  • constantly growing teeth
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9
Q

Muskrat and beaver teeth

A
  • very similar

- molar looking, huge incisors

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10
Q

Opossum teeth

A
  • unusually full jaw
  • incisors-> very small
  • molars-> tricuspid
  • canines-> large
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11
Q

Raccoon teeth

A
  • dentition
  • 40 teeth adapted to omnivore diet
  • k9s are well developed, crowns of molars are cuspidate
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12
Q

Coyote and dog teeth

A
  • very similar

- coyote teeth are longer and slimmer than dog

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13
Q

Cat teeth

A
  • no grinding surfaces because obligate carnivore
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14
Q

Ostrich teeth

A
  • no teeth
  • scleral ossicles (bones in the white of the eye)
  • lightweight skull
  • long (beak)/nose
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15
Q

Chicken Skeleton

A
  • on the base holding the chicken
  • bony tongue and hyoid bones
  • the scleral ossiclesd
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16
Q

Homodonts

A
  • all super pointy teeth
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17
Q

Ruminants

A
  • mammals
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18
Q

9 banded armadillo teeth

A
  • Homodont
  • teeth of similar shape but can be different sizes
  • small peglike molars
  • open roots-> no enamel
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19
Q

Alligator teeth

A
  • varies from 74 to 80 teeth

- maxillary and mandibular combined

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20
Q

Shark teeth

A
  • Homodont

- all super pointy

21
Q

Reptiles and fish teeth

A
  • most are homodonts

- but some snakes have modified them into fangs

22
Q

4 chambers of a ruminant

A

1) rumen
2) reticulum
3) omasum
4) abomasum

23
Q

Pig digestive system

A
  • monogastric
24
Q

Esophagus

A
  • tough inside
25
Q

Stomach includes

A
  • chyme (very watery)
  • cardiac sphincter
  • plyloric sphincter
  • body of stomach/funds
  • ruggae (folds)
26
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A
  • at entrance of the stomach, prevents food from going back into the esophagus
27
Q

Plyloric sphincter

A
  • exits into the duodenum
28
Q

Body of stomach/funds

A
  • mucus to prevent epithelium from breaking down
29
Q

Raggae (folds)

A
  • to increase surface area for enzymes to be released
30
Q

Small intestine

A

1) duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ilium

31
Q

Pancreas

A
  • accessory gland adjacent to the duodenum

- produces basic pancreatic juice to neutralize the stomach acid

32
Q

Liver

A
  • accessory gland to digestive system
  • lobulated
  • can regenerate (multiple lobes if cut one off will grow back)
33
Q

Gall bladder

A
  • not in all species
  • vascular with big blood vessels, not found in horses
  • filled with bile
34
Q

Bile

A

(green/yellow) added to small intestine

  • acts as a detergent(fatty emulsifier)
  • produces small fat droplets so it does not coat proteins
35
Q

Cecum

A
  • blind ended pouch where small and large intestine meet

- a lot of gas, hindgut fermenter breakdown plant material in this

36
Q

Large intestine

A
  • colon
  • more microbes and breaks down products
  • ascending, transverse, descending
  • includes rectum
37
Q

Rectum

A
  • last part of the large intestine

- pulls h2o out to become feces

38
Q

Spleen

A
  • rich blood supply, cleanses blood and removes old RBC

- not part of the digestive tract is in the abdominal cavity

39
Q

Omentum

A
  • attached to the stomach, over the intestines
  • lies over the abdominal cavity containing the intestines
  • fat, very vascular
  • smooth surface allows for intestines to slide around
40
Q

Thoracic cavity

A
  • pluck
  • trachea (cartilage or C rings)
  • lungs (lobulated) -> residual volume of air (floats) still born
  • heart
  • esophagus -> has a tough inside
41
Q

The primary sugar in milk is a …

A
  • disaccharide: lactose
42
Q

Lactose

A
  • a disaccharide containing two sugar molecules

- glucose* and galactose

43
Q

Lactase

A
  • an enzyme that breaks down lactose to its constituent sugars
44
Q

Lactose intolerant

A
  • do not produce digestive lactase and thus do not break down lactose
45
Q

Compare the skim milk glucose with the lactaid and the one without

A
  • the skim milk on its own had a lower glucose than the one with lactaid
  • this is because the lactaid contains lactase which breaks down the lactose contained in the milk to its constituent sugars which are higher
46
Q

Proteins in milk

A

1) casein (precipitated curd)

2) whey proteins (fluid)

47
Q

Rennin

A
  • ruminants produce this enzyme in the abomasum to coagulate the casein
48
Q

What commercial rennin did we use?

A
  • emporase derived from bacteria
49
Q

Rennet

A
  • rennin derived from a. Calfs abomasum

- has a mixture of proteases like chymosin

Anatomy and physiology of Domesticated Animals (6 decks)

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