Exam 1 Flashcards
Solvent drag
- when water moves it can drag things with it that it normally does not move
Ex: diarrhea or vomiting moves things out of body by water
Molar solution
- number of moles in a liter (moles/liter)
- 1000 milliliters in water
Salivary amylase
- breaks down complex sugars to simple sugars and allows them to interact with sweet taste buds
- digestion in the mouth
2 types of sweet taste buds
Zymogens
- participates in stomach digestive process
- enzyme produced in an inactive form in cells
- exported to a new location to be activated later
- produced by chief cells
Ex: pepsin
Rumination
- chewing cud, or regurgitated food material
Process of rumination
- regurgitates plant material
- rechews (further decreases particle size)
- resalivates
- reswallows the bolus
Ex: common strategy for prey animals, ruminants partake in this (herbivore mammals and toed or hooved animals)
Connective tissue
- one of the 4 types of tissue that participate in digestion
- connects things
- **cells do not touch each other (big diff btw all other tissue types)
- space between the cells are called the matrix
Ex:
- bone cells are separated by a hard matrix with calcium in it
- nose cartilage has a protein matrix, soft matrix more flexible
- blood cells (red/white bc) are separated by the plasma in the blood
Bolus
- soft round mass of chewed food of proper amount you would normally swallow
- never touches the cells
Hardware disease
- lots of Blood in the thoracic cavity, bleeds out
Possible Cause:
- heavy objects/things animal consume drop into the reticulum
- so if an animal eats a sharp piece of metal it can pierce the reticulum, diaphragm and the heart(aorta) - thus causing a bleed out
Salivation
- part of process of digestion in the mouth or oral cavity
- saliva is produced in salivary glands (ducted)
- saliva used for solubility, lubrication, alkaline buffering (ruminants)
Ex: saliva is rich in bicarbonate, which buffers the large quantity of acid produced in the rumen, critical for maintenance of rumen Ph
Lymphatic system
- designed to recover water and compounds and return them to the cardiovascular system
Elephantiasis
- blockage of the flow of lymphatic vessels leads to severe edema
- edema -> gross enlargement of an area of the body
- passes through lymph nodes that examine the lymph for problems if yes we need a response (swelling)
- very common in legs or arms
Stomach acid
- produced by proton pumps
-
Capillary cells
- special type of endothelial cells (with membrane), they are the epithelium of blood vessels
- very slick and smooths, line the blood vessels
- separates the blood plasma from the interstitial fluid
After a high protein meal what happens?
- you produce lots of H+ and pepsinogen to deal with the protein
- so you have a lot of bicarbonate that goes into the blood
- blood leaving the stomach is alkaline (ALKALINE TIDE) (ph>7.2)
Ex: cats are affected by this Bc calcium is most soluble in acid. So alkaline blood promotes kidney stones as calcium precipitates in the kidney.
Transcellular fluid
1) optic-> fluid in the eye
2) synovial-> fluid in the joints
3) digestive system-> saliva, gastric(stomach) juice, pancreatic(bile, urine) juice
4) bladder
5) cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) -> layer of fluid around spinal chord and brain
Canines
- grasp and rip prey, feed
- pointy teeth
Pharynx and the 7 openings into and out of it
- common passageway for air, food, liquid
- behind the mouth/oral cavity
- leads to esophagus or trachea
7 openings into and out of it
1) oral cavity
2) esophagus (leads to stomach)
3) larynx (open to primary bronchi goes to lungs) - epiglottis covers opening to the larynx
4) nasal passages (2)- from internal nares (lead to bronchi)
5) Eustachian tubes(2) lead to cavity of middle ear - permits the equalization of pressure on each side of ear drum (ear pop on plane)
(Look at sticky note in nb)
Scleral ossicles
- bone surrounding the white of eye in birds
Bloat
- occurs in the rumen
- instead of one large bubble, frothy mix of small bubbles
- the stomach presses against the diaphragm and makes it harder to breathe
- anti bloat compounds increase surface tension to form large bubbles
- deflate(release gasses) with a trocar (hollow tube)
Examples:
Colic in horses
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus(GDV) in dogs
Displaced abomasum (common after partition in cattle)
Homodonts
- all teeth in the mouth are the same
Ex: shark Bc only meant for catching and ripping, have back up teeth in case one gets ripped out
- armadillos
Purpose of Teeth, dentition
- used for eating, grooming, defense
- can age an animal by its teeth
Mole
- molecular weight in grams of a substance
Duodenum
- aids in digestion in the small intestine
- relatively short, receives chyme from the stomach
- pancreatic juice from the pancreas
- bile from the liver
*ducted accessory glands
Digestive tract
Gastrointestinal tract (stomach) and accessory glands