Lab Evaluation Of Liver Cell Injury Flashcards

1
Q

UCB is also called ________ bilirubin which is lipid soluble.

A

Indirect

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2
Q

CB is also called ________ bilirubin which is water soluble.

A

Direct

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3
Q

Intestinal bacteria convert CB to ___________

A

Urobilinogen (stercobilinogen)

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4
Q

Urobilinogen is spontaneously oxidised to ________

A

Urobilin (stercobilin)

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5
Q

________ gives brown color to stool

A

Urobilin

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6
Q

____% of urobilinogen in intestine is recycled to the liver

A

20%

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7
Q

Jaundice is first noticed in the ______ because it has high affinity for bilirubin

A

Sclera

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8
Q

Classification of the causes of jaundice is based on the percentage of ________ bilirubin

A

Conjugated bilirubin

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9
Q

Give the classification of jaundice acc. to percent CB

A
  1. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (<20%)
  2. Mixed hyperbilirubinemia (20-50%)
  3. Obstructive liver disease (>50%)
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10
Q

What are the causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia?

A

Extravascular hemolytic anemia (hereditary spheroc.)
Decreased liver uptake (taking rifampicin)
Decreased conjugation of UCB (phys. jaundice of newborn, gilbert syn., criggler nijjar synd.)
Drugs (like sulfonamide, penicillin)
Breast milk jaundice

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11
Q

What are the causes of mixed hyperbilirubinemia?

A

Viral hepatitis

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12
Q

What are the causes of obstructive liver disease?

A

Cirrhosis

Gallstone blocking common bile duct

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13
Q

Serum ALT is specific enzyme for ____________

A

Liver cell necrosis

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14
Q

In viral hepatitis, AST will be _______ (more/less) than ALT.

A

Less

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15
Q

Serum AST will be increased in _____________

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

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16
Q

Enzyme AST is present in the __________ (cytoplasm/mitochondria)

A

Mitochondria

17
Q

What are the two enzymes specific for liver cell necrosis?

A

AST

ALT

18
Q

What are the teo enzymes specific for Cholestasis?

A

GGT

ALP

19
Q

If only serum ALP is increased and GGT normal, that means?

A

Bone disease

20
Q

If both serum GGT and ALP are raised, that means?

A

Problem is cholestasis

21
Q

What are the types of cholestasis?

A

intrahepatic

extrahepatic

22
Q
What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in viral hepatitis?
CB
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
UB
Urine UBG
A
CB = 20-50%
AST = +++
ALT = ++++
GGT = +
ALP = +
UB = ++
Urine UBG = ++
23
Q
What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in alcoholic hepatitis?
CB
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
UB
Urine UBG
A
CB = 20-50%
AST = ++
ALT = +
GGT = +++
ALP = +
UB = ++
Urine UBG = ++
24
Q
What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in extravascular hemolysis?
CB
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
UB
Urine UBG
A
CB = <20%
AST = ++ (due to breakdown of RBCs)
ALT = normal
GGT = normal
ALP = normal
UB = absent
Urine UBG = ++
25
Q
What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in cholestasis?
CB
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
UB
Urine UBG
A
CB = >50%
AST = +
ALT = ++
GGT = +++
ALP = +++
UB = +++
Urine UBG = absent
26
Q
What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in a normal healthy person?
CB
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
UB
Urine UBG
A
CB = nil
AST = nil
ALT = nil
GGT = nil
ALP = nil
UB = nil
Urine UBG = +