Lab Evaluation Of Liver Cell Injury

Question 1

UCB is also called ________ bilirubin which is lipid soluble.

Answer 1

Indirect

Question 2

CB is also called ________ bilirubin which is water soluble.

Answer 2

Direct

Question 3

Intestinal bacteria convert CB to ___________

Answer 3

Urobilinogen (stercobilinogen)

Question 4

Urobilinogen is spontaneously oxidised to ________

Answer 4

Urobilin (stercobilin)

Question 5

________ gives brown color to stool

Answer 5

Urobilin

Question 6

____% of urobilinogen in intestine is recycled to the liver

Answer 6

20%

Question 7

Jaundice is first noticed in the ______ because it has high affinity for bilirubin

Answer 7

Sclera

Question 8

Classification of the causes of jaundice is based on the percentage of ________ bilirubin

Answer 8

Conjugated bilirubin

Question 9

Give the classification of jaundice acc. to percent CB

Answer 9

1. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (<20%)
2. Mixed hyperbilirubinemia (20-50%)
3. Obstructive liver disease (>50%)

Question 10

What are the causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia?

Answer 10

Extravascular hemolytic anemia (hereditary spheroc.)
Decreased liver uptake (taking rifampicin)
Decreased conjugation of UCB (phys. jaundice of newborn, gilbert syn., criggler nijjar synd.)
Drugs (like sulfonamide, penicillin)
Breast milk jaundice

Question 11

What are the causes of mixed hyperbilirubinemia?

Answer 11

Viral hepatitis

Question 12

What are the causes of obstructive liver disease?

Answer 12

Cirrhosis

Gallstone blocking common bile duct

Question 13

Serum ALT is specific enzyme for ____________

Answer 13

Liver cell necrosis

Question 14

In viral hepatitis, AST will be _______ (more/less) than ALT.

Answer 14

Less

Question 15

Serum AST will be increased in _____________

Answer 15

Alcoholic hepatitis

Question 16

Enzyme AST is present in the __________ (cytoplasm/mitochondria)

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

What are the two enzymes specific for liver cell necrosis?

Answer 17

AST

ALT

Question 18

What are the teo enzymes specific for Cholestasis?

Answer 18

GGT

ALP

Question 19

If only serum ALP is increased and GGT normal, that means?

Answer 19

Bone disease

Question 20

If both serum GGT and ALP are raised, that means?

Answer 20

Problem is cholestasis

Question 21

What are the types of cholestasis?

Answer 21

intrahepatic

extrahepatic

Question 22

What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in viral hepatitis?
CB
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
UB
Urine UBG

Answer 22

CB = 20-50%
AST = +++
ALT = ++++
GGT = +
ALP = +
UB = ++
Urine UBG = ++

Question 23

What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in alcoholic hepatitis?
CB
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
UB
Urine UBG

Answer 23

CB = 20-50%
AST = ++
ALT = +
GGT = +++
ALP = +
UB = ++
Urine UBG = ++

Question 24

What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in extravascular hemolysis?
CB
AST
ALT
GGT
ALP
UB
Urine UBG

Answer 24

CB = <20%
AST = ++ (due to breakdown of RBCs)
ALT = normal
GGT = normal
ALP = normal
UB = absent
Urine UBG = ++

Question 25

``` What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in cholestasis? CB AST ALT GGT ALP UB Urine UBG ```

Answer 25

``` CB = >50% AST = + ALT = ++ GGT = +++ ALP = +++ UB = +++ Urine UBG = absent ```

Question 26

``` What will be the findings of liver enzymes and bilirubin in a normal healthy person? CB AST ALT GGT ALP UB Urine UBG ```

Answer 26

``` CB = nil AST = nil ALT = nil GGT = nil ALP = nil UB = nil Urine UBG = + ```