Lab Diagnosis of Viral Hepatitis Infections Flashcards
Definition of hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Symptoms of hepatitis
Fatigue Muscle pain Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Fever, chills Loss of appetite, weight loss Liver pain, enlargement Change in color of feces/urine Jaundice (due to increase in bilirubin)
In general what are 3 causes of hepatitis
- infectious agents
- viruses
- non-infectious causes
2 infectious agents causes of hepatitis
parasites (tapeworms)
bacteria (typhoid fever)
2 viruses causes of hepatitis
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein Barr Virus
3 non-infectons causes of hepatitis
drugs, autoimmune diseases antibodies, alcoholism
What are the Hepatitis Viruses
A, B, C, D, and E (and others)
Which hepatitis viruses grow well in culture?
all are difficult/impossible to grow in cell culture
How s diagnosis routinely approached>
Though detection of antibody or antigen in peripheral blood
Hepatitis A (HAV)
- family
- RNA or DNA
Picornaviridae
RNA virus
Hepatitis A (HAV) - also known as (other name)
“infectious hepatits”
Hepatitis A (HAV) - incubation period
2-6 weeks (sometimes called short incubation hepatitis)
Hepatitis A (HAV) - how is it transmitted
fecal/oral (poor hygiene, oral-anal sex, eating undercooked shellfish, infected food handlers, children sharing)
Hepatitis A (HAV)
- mortality rate?
- any chronic carriers?
- low mortality rate
- no chronic carriers
Hepatitis A (HAV) - vaccine?
yes available and effective
Hepatitis A (HAV) - Is it's antigen detected in the peripheral blood?
NO, it is shed in the feces, but shedding ceases when symptoms become apparent
Hepatitis B (HBV)
- family?
- DNA or RNA
Hepadnaviridae family
DNA virus
Hepatitis B (HBV) - other name
serum hepatitis
Hepatitis B (HBV) - incubation period
6 weeks to 6 months; sometimes called long incubation hepatitis
Hepatitis B (HBV)
- how is it transmitted
- mortality rate?
- chronic carrier?
- parenteral transmission (much more highly infectious than HIV)
- high mortality rate
- frequent chronic carriers
Hepatitis B (HBV) - Vaccine?
Immunization widely avaliable and effective (dramatically reduced incidence of infection in the U.S.
Hepatitis B (HBV) -
*
Hepatitis B (HBV)
*
Hepatitis C (HCV)
- Family
- DNA or RNA
- Flavivirdae
- RNA virus
Hepatitis C (HCV) - other name
For many years, called non-A, non-B hepatitis
Hepatitis C (HCV) - incubation period
6 - 10 weeks
Hepatitis C (HCV) - transmission?
parenteral
Hepatitis C (HCV) - what percentages of people develop chronic infection?
75%
Hepatitis C (HCV) - Algorithm for HCV Antibody Screen
- If the antibody screen is positive do an RNA molecular test. If that test is positive then it is acute or chronic HCV
- If the antibody screen test is positive then do an RNA molecular test. If that test is negative then stop or do 2nd HCV antibody test to see if it is a false positive
What testing is used to monitor therapy and disease progression after HCV infections confirmed?
Quantitative testing
Hepatitis D
- What is it classified as?
a “dependo” virus
Hepatitis D
- transmission
parenteral transmission
Hepatitis D
- incubation period
uncertain
Hepatitis D
- Associated with with what?
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis E
- how is it transmitted?
fecal/oral route
Hepatitis E
- Disease is mild except in who?
pregnant women
- may be fatal or cause abortion of the fetus
