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A&P 303 > Lab A > Flashcards

Lab A Flashcards

1
Q

The sac that surrounds the lungs

A

pleura

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2
Q

The space between the sac that surrounds the lungs and the lungs

A

pleural cavity

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3
Q

the lining of the surface of the lungs

A

visceral pleurae

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4
Q

the lining of the inside of the thoracic cavity and the superior surface of the diaphragm

A

parietal pleurae

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5
Q

parietal pleura tissue type

A

simple squamous epithelia

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6
Q

visceral pleura tissue type

A

simple squamous epithelia

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7
Q

Pleural fluid is secreted into the ____.

A

pleural cavity

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8
Q

how is the trachea supported?

A

cartilaginous tracheal c-rings

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9
Q

a word that means to split

A

bifurcate

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10
Q

what does the trachea bifurcate into?

A

two main (primary) bronchi

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11
Q

specialized cartilage at the birfurcation of the trachea

A

carina

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12
Q

what kind of cartilage supports the bronchi?

A

hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

the Bronchi diverge into what?

A

smaller and smaller bronchioles

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14
Q

true or false: bronchioles do not have supporting cartilage.

A

true.

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15
Q

which anatomical feature of the lungs is superior?

A

apex

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16
Q

which anatomical feature of the lungs is inferior?

A

base

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17
Q

which lung is larger than the other?

A

the right is larger than the left.

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18
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

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19
Q

what anatomical feature distinguishes the lobes of the lungs?

A

fissures

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20
Q

List the lobes of the right lung from top to bottom.

A

superior lobe, middle lobe, inferior lobe

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21
Q

what divides the right superior lobe from the right middle lobe?

A

horizontal fissure

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22
Q

what divides the right middle lobe from the inferior lobe?

A

the right oblique fissure

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23
Q

list the lobes of the left lobe from top to bottom.

A

superior lobe, inferior lobe

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24
Q

what divides the left superior lobe from the left inferior lobe?

A

the left oblique fissure

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25
Q

what is the surface at the base of the lungs?

A

diaphragmatic surface

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26
Q

what is the impression on the medial side of the left lung?

A

cardiac impression (cardiac notch)

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27
Q

what does the main bronchi serve?

A

lungs

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28
Q

what does the lobar bronchi serve?

A

the lobes

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29
Q

what does the segmental bronchi serve?

A

the bronchopulmonary segments

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30
Q

another name for the lobar bronchi

A

secondary bronchi

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31
Q

another name for the segmental bronchi

A

tertiary bronchi

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32
Q

the space through which a lot of things enter the lungs:

A

the hilum

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33
Q

what are the things that enter through the hilum? (5)

A

pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchi, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

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34
Q

what is the medial surface of the lungs called?

A

the mediastinal surface

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35
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration? (5)

A

diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor, scalenes

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36
Q

what are the muscles of expiration?

A

internal intercostals, the abdominal muscle group: rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, transversus abdominis, and internal abdominal oblique

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37
Q

what are the muscles of expiration? (4)

A

internal intercostals, the abdominal muscle group: rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, transversus abdominis, and internal abdominal oblique

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38
Q

is the sternocleidomastoid a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

inspiration

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39
Q

is the external abdominal oblique a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

expiration

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40
Q

is the pectoralis minor a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

inspiration

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41
Q

is the transversus abdominis a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

expiration

42
Q

are the internal intercostals a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

expiration

43
Q

are the external intercostals a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

inspiration

44
Q

are the scalenes a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

inspiration

45
Q

is the diaphragm a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

inspiration

46
Q

is the internal abdominal oblique a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

expiration

47
Q

is the rectus abdominis a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

A

expiration

48
Q

what muscles make up the abdominal muscle group?

A

the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, transversus abdominis, internal abdominal oblique

49
Q

What are the four layers of the conducting division?

A

Mucosa
submucosa
cartilaginous layer
aventitia

50
Q

what type of tissue makes up the mucosa?

A

areolar connective tissue

51
Q

Where is the muscularis mucosa?

A

bronchi and bronchioles

52
Q

where are seromucous glands present?

A

trachea

53
Q

where is the cartilaginous layer found?

A

the trachea and all bronchi

54
Q

what type of cartilage is in the cartilaginous layer?

A

hyaline cartilage

55
Q

what type of tissue is found in the adventitia layer?

A

dense irregular CT

56
Q

where is the adventitia layer found?

A

trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi

57
Q

What is most of the conducting division lined with (type of epithelium)

A

pseudostratified columnar

58
Q

What kind of cells are found within the pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

goblet cells

59
Q

what shape of cells do the pseudostratified columnar transition to?

A

cuboidal

60
Q

What removes the mucus within the submucosa?

A

motile cilia

61
Q

What removes the mucus within the submucosa?

A

motile cilia

62
Q

what type of cartilage supports the trachea?

A

hyaline cartilage

63
Q

what kind of glands are found in the mucosa lining the lumen of the trachea?

A

seromucous glands

64
Q

what kind of tissue is the adventitia made of?

A

dense irregular CT

65
Q

what is the cartilage ring in the trachea called?

A

the tracheal ring

66
Q

what tissue type is the trachealis muscle?

A

smooth muscle

67
Q

what is the layer in the trachea between the submucosa and psudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

lamina propria

68
Q

what tissue type indicates a bronchus?

A

hyaline cartilage plate

69
Q

what word means within the lungs?

A

intrapulmonary

70
Q

What is the muscle within a bronchus?

A

muscularis mucosa

71
Q

what type of muscle is the muscularis mucosa?

A

smooth muscle

72
Q

what are some features that distinguish bronchioles from bronchus?

A

no cartilage
collapsed lumen
muscularis mucosa present
absent seromucous glands

73
Q

what is a feature that histologically distinguishes a bronchiole from a pulmonary blood vessel?

A

the bronchiole has darker staining epithelium.

74
Q

what feature can be found at the end of a respiratory bronchiole?

A

alveolar duct

75
Q

what feature can be found at the end of a respiratory bronchiole?

A

alveolar duct

76
Q

describe simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm.

77
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium

A

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important. secretes lubricating substances in serosae.

78
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium located

A

kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

79
Q

describe simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei.

80
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

secretion and absorption

81
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelium located

A

kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

82
Q

describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer of cells of differing heights
some not reaching the free surface
nuclei seen at different levels
may contain goblet cells and bear cilia

83
Q

what is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

secretion
particularly of mucus
propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

84
Q

where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium located?

A

nonciliated type in male’s sperm-carrying ducts
ducts of large glands
ciliated variety lines the trachea
most of the upper respiratory tract

85
Q

describe areolar CT

A

Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types

cells are fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some WBC

86
Q

what is the function of areolar CT

A

wraps and cushions organs
its macrophages phagocytize bacteria
plays an important role in inflammation
holds and conveys tissue fluid

87
Q

where is areolar CT located?

A

widely distributed under epithelia of body
forms lamina propia of mucous membranes
packages organs
surrounds capillaries

88
Q

name the three types of fiber

A

elastic fibers
collagen fibers
fibroblast fibers

89
Q

describe dense irregular CT

A

irregularly arranged collagen fibers
some elastic fibers
major cell type: fibroblasts

90
Q

what is the function of dense irregular CT

A

Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions

provides structural strength

91
Q

location of dense irregular CT

A

dermis of skin
submucosa of digestive tract
fibrous capsules of organs and joints

92
Q

describe hyaline cartilage

A

amorphous but firm matrix
collagen fibers form an imperceptible network
chondroblasts produce the matrix
mature chrondroblasts lie in lacunae

93
Q

function of hyaline cartilage

A

supports and reinforces
has resilient cushioning properties
resists compressive stress

94
Q

location of hyaline cartilage

A

forms most of the embryonic skeleton
covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities
forms costal cartilages of the ribs
cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

95
Q

describe smooth muscle

A

spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei (uninucleate)
no striations
cells arranged closely to form sheets

96
Q

what is the function of smooth muscle

A

propels substances or objects along internal passageways

involuntary control

97
Q

where is smooth muscle located?

A

mostly in the walls of hollow organs
trachealis muscle
muscularis mucosa of bronchioles

98
Q

what are the parts of the conducting division?

A

nost, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

99
Q

what are the parts of the respiratory division?

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

100
Q

what is the function of the respiratory division?

A

diffusion of O2 and CO2

101
Q

what is the function of the conducting division

A

provide a continuous passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs.

A&P 303 (18 decks)

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