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physiology lab exam > lab 9 respiratory physiology > Flashcards

lab 9 respiratory physiology Flashcards

1
Q

does tidal volume always stay the same?

A

no

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2
Q

if O2 concentration changes, will this automatically change CO2?

A

no

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3
Q

are the majority of changes in respiration in response to O2 concentrations?

A

no

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4
Q

where does gas exchange between air and blood occur?

A

in alveolar air sacs

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5
Q

what does the efficiency of gas exchange depend on

A

ventilation

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6
Q

how does a spirometer work?

A

air breathed through the mesh gives rise to a small pressure difference proportional to flow rate; the pressure differences is transmitted to the spirometer pod and the pressure signal is converted to a changing voltage

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7
Q

how is volume calculated from flow?

A

it is the integral of flow

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8
Q

does volume of a gas increase or decrease with warming?

A

increase

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9
Q

is the volume of air expired slightly smaller or larger than the volume breathed in? why?

A

greater, because the air is warmer

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10
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

the air drawn into and then expired from the lungs

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11
Q

what is the minute volume?

A

the amount of air inspired or expired in a minute

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12
Q

what is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a full expiration?

A

residual volume

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13
Q

what is the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve capacity?

A

inspiratory capacity

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14
Q

what is the sum of tidal volume and expiratory reserve capacity?

A

expiratory capacity

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15
Q

what is expiratory reserve capacity + residual volume?

A

functional residual capacity

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16
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume?

A

vital capacity

17
Q

what is vital capacity + residual volume

A

total lung capacity

18
Q

what is the general tidal volume of an animal that weighs 100kg?

A

100kg*10ml/kg=1000ml/min (1L/min)

19
Q

how does locomotion alter chest cavity size?

A

extension of the limb results in expansion of the thorax on that side, assisting with respiration

20
Q

what are normal breath sounds produced by?

A

tissue vibration, rapid fluctuations of gas pressure and air turbulence

21
Q

are respiration sounds louder on inspiration or expiration?

A

inspiration

22
Q

why are no sounds produced by air movement in and out of the alveoli?

A

because the air flow is too slow

23
Q

what is restrictive lung disease?

A

it is when there is a decrease in the compliance of the lung

24
Q

when is there optimal gas exchange?

A

when there is equal perfusion and ventilation

25
Q

a horse is anesthetized in dorsal recumbency for colic surgery. about an hour into the procedure, the anesthesiologist tells you that V/Q is nearing zero. what does this mean?

A

this means that ventilation is low while perfusion is high

26
Q

what is can cause a V/Q ratio of near zero in an anesthetized horse?

A

the abdomenal cavity is pressing on the lungs, causing decreased lung space (atelectesis), there may also be pooling of blood. as well, resp rate and tidal volume are likely decreased under anaesthesia and so there is not a lot of ventilation

27
Q

what are examples of physiological shunts?

A
  • bronchiole circulation
  • atelectesis
  • local vasoconstriction
28
Q

what is the approximate % concentration of oxygen in room air?

A

20%

29
Q

what is the approximate % concentration of CO2 in room air?

A

0.04%

30
Q

what is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen?

A

160mmHg

31
Q

what is the approximate partial pressure CO2 in room air?

A

0.3mmHg

32
Q

what is the partial pressure of CO2 blood

A

40mmHg

33
Q

what is the partial pressure of O2 in blood?

A

90-100 mmHg

34
Q

a healthy dog is anesthetized for a routine spay. during the procedure gas anesthetic is delivered in oxygen. as the procedure continues minute volume becomes depressed. do you predict that respiratory rate, tidal volume or both would be depressed?

A

both would be depressed; first, anesthesia is decreasing the action of the respiratory muscles, decreasing the tidal volume; second, the anesthesia is depressing the respiration center, which is causes the centers not to respond to CO2 levels so the resp. rate is slow

35
Q

a healthy dog is anesthetized for a routine spay. during the procedure gas anesthetic is delivered in oxygen. as the procedure continues minute volume becomes depressed. How would you correct the situation?

A

ventilate the animal.

physiology lab exam (16 decks)

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