indirect measurement of blood pressure

Question 1

what are the two general ways to measure blood pressure?

Answer 1

direct and indirect

Question 2

what is a direct method of measuring blood pressure?

Answer 2

sensory is in the artery

Question 3

what are indirect methods of measuring blood pressure?

Answer 3

palpation
korotkoff sounds
doppler
oscillometry

Question 4

what is the only indirect method that accurately measures diastolic pressure

Answer 4

oscillometry

Question 5

what do spygmomanometers consist of

Answer 5

rubber back surrounding cuff
manometer to measure bag pressure
inflation/deflation system with rubber bulb and exhaust valve

Question 6

which is more accurate and informative palpation of ausculatation?

Answer 6

ausculation

Question 7

what is the usefulness of the palpatory method?

Answer 7

can measure systolic pressure and serves as a useful check

Question 8

how does blood flow in circulation normally? laminar or turbulent flow?

Answer 8

laminar

Question 9

what are pathological causes of turbulent flow?

Answer 9

narrowed arteries, stiff or partially closed heart valves

Question 10

what does turbulence cause?

Answer 10

friction and production of heat

Question 11

what is reynold’s number?

Answer 11

R=(mean velocitydiameterblood density)/blood viscosity

Question 12

what happens when reynold’s number is exceeded?

Answer 12

turbulence occurs

Question 13

when is the Reynold’s number decreased?

Answer 13

when vessels branch or atheroslerosis plaques intrude on the lumen

Question 14

what are Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 14

they are sounds that are created by turbulent flow in the artery and are used for indirect blood pressure measurement

Question 15

what is phase I Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 15

sharp sounds

Question 16

what are phase II korotkoff sounds?

Answer 16

sounds murmurish

Question 17

what are phase III korotkoff sounds?

Answer 17

sounds loud and thumping

Question 18

what are phase IV korotkoff sounds?

Answer 18

sounds muffled, diastolic pount

Question 19

what are phase V korotkoff sounds?

Answer 19

silence

Question 20

what is doppler measurement of blood pressure?

Answer 20

the doppler probe is placed over the artery distal tothe blood pressure cuff

Question 21

what is the most common method used to determine blood pressure in a human clinical setting?

Answer 21

oscillometry

Question 22

what are the principles of measuring blood pressure by oscillometry?

Answer 22

with the cuff inflated there are no oscillations. when the cuff deflates, oscillations appear and amplitude increases to a maximum at mean arterial pressure; oscillations then decrease; the systolic and diastolic pressures are then calculated from the mean arterial pressure
(algorithms differ for different species)
systolic is first major oscillation
diastolic is last major oscillation

Question 23

where is the cuff placed for oscillometry in the dog and cat

Answer 23

on the tail, measuring the caudal artery