lab 9 and 10

Question 1

process

Answer 1

a prominence or a projection ex) the styloid process

Question 2

tuberosity

Answer 2

an elevation/ protruberance, especially on a bone where muscle is attached to. ex) deltoid tuberosity

Question 3

tubercle

Answer 3

for attachment of a tendon ex) the greater tubercle of humerus

Question 4

trochanter

Answer 4

body prominence develoed from independant osseous centers near proximal end of femur

Question 5

condyle

Answer 5

rounded projection on a bone, usually for articulation with another bone ex) on femur

Question 6

epicondyle

Answer 6

where humerous meets with ulna/radious

Question 7

facet

Answer 7

A small place surface on a hard body ex) superior articular facet of vertebrae

Question 8

crest

Answer 8

a projection/projecting structure ridge, especially surrounding a bone or its border ex) iliac crest

Question 9

head

Answer 9

The anterior/ superior part of a structure organism

Question 10

foramen

Answer 10

hole/opening in a bone between 2 body cavities. ex) transverse foremen in cervical vertebrae

Question 11

what are sutures

Answer 11

sutures are immovable joints in the adult skull.

Question 12

characteristics of cervical vertebrae

Answer 12

c1-c7 , c1= atlas (yes) c2= axis (no) presence of transverse foremen,

Question 13

characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 13

t1-t12, long spinous process, articulate with ribs via facets for articulation with ribs, has inferior and superior articular facets***

Question 14

characteristis for lumbar vertebrae

Answer 14

L1-L5, big boned for weight bearing, spinous processs isn’t long only has an inferior articular facet

Question 15

what 3 bones make up the os coxa

Answer 15

illium, ischium, pubis

Question 16

what bones form the bony pelvis

Answer 16

the coxae, sacrum and coccyx

Question 17

what is the functional classification of of joints

Answer 17

the functional classification of joints is based on the amount of movement that can occur at the joint. 3 types: 1. immovable 2. slightly movable 3. freely movable

Question 18

what is the structural classification of joints

Answer 18

the type of connective tissue that binds the articulating surfaces together and on the presence or absence of a joint cavity 3 types: fibrous, cartilaginous,synovial

Question 19

characteristics of fibrous joints

Answer 19

-articulating bones are bound together by dense fibrous CT.
-permit little to no movement and are very strong.
-joint cavity is not present
2 types: sutures, sydesmoses

Question 20

characteristics of sutures

Answer 20

-functionally classified as immovable ex) joint found between cranial and facial bones

Question 21

syndesmoses

Answer 21

• amount of movement at this joint depends on the length of connecting fibers
  ex) joint at the distal articulation between tibia and fibula (classified as immovable)

Question 22

characteristics of cartiliginous joints

Answer 22

-articulating bones are bound by cartilage
-these joints lack a joint cavity and permit little or no movement
2 major divisions: synchondroses, symphesis

Question 23

synchondroses characteristics

Answer 23

• articulating bones are connected by hyaline cartilage
• functionally classified as immovable
  ex) joint formed by the coastal cartilages of rib #1

Question 24

symphyses characteristics

Answer 24

• articulating bones are connected by fibrocartilage
• functionally classified as slightly movable joints
• ex) pubic symphysis

Question 25

synovial joint characteristics

Answer 25

• freely movable joints
• articulating bones are separated by a fluid filled joint cavity
• synnovial joints are strengthened by bank- like ligaments composed of dense regular connective tissue. 6 types: plane joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints,ball and socket joints.

Question 26

plane joints

Answer 26

• movement doesn’t occur around an axis, only allows slight movement
• ex) joints between carpal bones of the wrist

Question 27

hinge joints

Answer 27

• movement occurs around a single axis, permits flexion and extension
  ex) elbow joint

Question 28

pivot joints

Answer 28

rounded surface of one bone fits into a ring-like portion of another bone.. permits rotation**
ex) joint between the head of he radius and the ulna

Question 29

saddle joint

Answer 29

permits all angular moions

-ex) joint between the carpal and metacarpal bone of the thumb

Question 30

ball and socket joint:

Answer 30

movement occurs in all axes and planes ex) shoulder joint

Question 31

abduction

Answer 31

moving a limb away from medial line of body

Question 32

adduction

Answer 32

moving a limb toward the medial line of body

Question 33

flexion

Answer 33

bending movement that decreses the angle between articulating bones (think, when you flex your arm)

Question 34

extension

Answer 34

bending movement that increases the angle between articulating bones

Question 35

hyperextension

Answer 35

the continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

Question 36

dorsiflexion

Answer 36

toes pointing up- flexed feet

Question 37

plantar flexion

Answer 37

pointed toes

Question 38

rotation

Answer 38

movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis without lateral displacement of the body part

Question 39

circumduction

Answer 39

movement where one end of a limb remains relatively stationary while the distal end of the limb moves in a circle

Question 40

pronation

Answer 40

movement of the had from palm UP to palm DOWN

Question 41

supination

Answer 41

movement of the hand from palm DOWN to palm UP

Question 42

bursitis

Answer 42

painful condition that affects bursae (fluid filled sacs) that cushion bones/tendons/muscles near joints

Question 43

tendonitis

Answer 43

inflammation of the tendons

Question 44

arthritis

Answer 44

painful inflammation/stiffness of the joints

Question 45

define origin

Answer 45

bony site of attachment at stationary end of bone

Question 46

define insertion

Answer 46

attachment site on bone which moves

Question 47

define agonist

Answer 47

muscle whose contraction is primarily responsible for producing an action

Question 48

define antagonist

Answer 48

the muscle that stretches in response to the agonist

Question 49

fixator

Answer 49

stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently

Question 50

condyloid joints

Answer 50

ex) joint between the radius and carpal bones