lab 14 Flashcards
what organs consist of the accessory organs?
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
function of incisors
cutting and shearing food
canines function
have a single cusp- high point for tearing of food
premolars function
adapted for crushing and cracking of food
function of the molars
adapted for grinding food into fine pieces
what is your first set of teeth called?
deciduous
what is your second set of teeth called?
permanent
what is the infant dental formula?
I 2/2,C 1/1, P0/0,M 2/2
what is the adult dental formula?
I 2/2, C 1/1, 2/, M 3/3
what are the 3 types of salivary glands, and what are their functions?
the parotid glands, sublingual glands, submandibular glands function in secreting saliva into thin ducts which open to the mouth
what enzyme begins the digestion of carbs?
salivary amylase
what is the function of the esophagus? structure of esophogus?
functions in the transportation of food to the stomach
made up of 4 walls- mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia
function of stomach
- chemical digestion of proteins begins in tomach
- extra layer of smooth muscle allows it to churn and mix the food
- temporary storage spot for food
small intestine function
-primary digestion organ of human body
-chemical digestion is completed
-absorption of nutrients occurs here
consists of 3 regions: duodenum ( recieves partially digested food from stomach and secretions from gall bladder and pancreas) middle portion is the jejunum, than illium
large intestine function
- extends from illium to anus
- absorption of water from undigested materials
what are the 3 accessory glands located in the abdominal cavity?
liver, gall bladder and pancreas
function of liver
production and secretion of bile
what do hepatocytes do?
hepatocytes manufacture bile
function of gall bladder
stores bile from the liver
function of the pancreas
- secretory cells produce pancreatic juice which contain many digestive enzymes
- contains exocrine glands (98% of this organ) and endocrine glands (2% of this organ- islets of langerhans which release hormones into the blood)
peritoneum
serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
visceral perioneum
covers the external surface of most digestive organs
parietal peritoneum
lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
messentaries
several membranes made up of folds pf peritoneum which hold organs in place
omentum
a messentary which hangs free in the abdomina cavity or connects organs to eachother
the greater omentum
double walled peritoneal sac
function of the spleen
removal of aged and defective blood cells
mesentary proper
the messentary that connects the different parts of the small intestine together
what type of epithelium is the esophagus?
stratified squamus epithelium
what type of epithelium makes up the stomach?
simple columnar epithelium
-some of these glands produce mucous, and pesinogen, and HCl
-when stomach is empty, the mucosa lies in large folds called rugae
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whats the purpose of an extra oblique layer in the stomach?
for churning of food
what is a gastric ulcer?
localized area of erosion in stomach lining, resulting in ab pain
small intestine characteristics
- made of simple columnar epithelium
- has microvilli to increase SA
- has some goblet cells
- villi present
large intestine characteristics
- no villi*****
- lots of goblet cells to help lubricate with flow of whats passing through
where is salivary amylase produced?
in the salivary glands
will benedicts solution +starch + saliva produce precipitate?
benedicts solution tests for sugar
“saliva” breaks down starch into sugar
benedict + starch+ saliva = precipitate - red/green/yellow colour
iodine + starch + saliva = ?
yellow- no starch present because saliva broke starch down into sugar
iodine + starch
purple-solution turns purple when starches are present. nothing broke the starch down so it went purple
what enzyme starts protein digestion?
pepsin (functions best at pH 1.5-2)
HCl present in the stomach makes its pH good for pepsin
fibrin + pepsin +HCl = ?
digestion of fibrin has occured. HCl made the right pH level for the pepsin to function at
a test tube contains litmus cream+ bile salts + pancreatic lipase. does digestion of fats occured? what colour is it??
digestion has occured since the bile salts emulsified the fat before digestion, while the pancreatic lipase has broken down the fat. Litmus cream changes colour in the presence of acids to pink. the solution also turned pink
define automacity
the ability to contract without nervous stimulation
rhythmicity
a regular pattern of repeated contractions
what does epinephrine do to the digestive system?
slows digestion
what does acetylcholine do to the digestive system?
speeds digestion
