lab 14

Question 1

what organs consist of the accessory organs?

Answer 1

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

Question 2

function of incisors

Answer 2

cutting and shearing food

Question 3

canines function

Answer 3

have a single cusp- high point for tearing of food

Question 4

premolars function

Answer 4

adapted for crushing and cracking of food

Question 5

function of the molars

Answer 5

adapted for grinding food into fine pieces

Question 6

what is your first set of teeth called?

Answer 6

deciduous

Question 7

what is your second set of teeth called?

Answer 7

permanent

Question 8

what is the infant dental formula?

Answer 8

I 2/2,C 1/1, P0/0,M 2/2

Question 9

what is the adult dental formula?

Answer 9

I 2/2, C 1/1, 2/, M 3/3

Question 10

what are the 3 types of salivary glands, and what are their functions?

Answer 10

the parotid glands, sublingual glands, submandibular glands
function in secreting saliva into thin ducts which open to the mouth

Question 11

what enzyme begins the digestion of carbs?

Answer 11

salivary amylase

Question 12

what is the function of the esophagus? structure of esophogus?

Answer 12

functions in the transportation of food to the stomach

made up of 4 walls- mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia

Question 13

function of stomach

Answer 13

• chemical digestion of proteins begins in tomach
• extra layer of smooth muscle allows it to churn and mix the food
• temporary storage spot for food

Question 14

small intestine function

Answer 14

-primary digestion organ of human body
-chemical digestion is completed
-absorption of nutrients occurs here
consists of 3 regions: duodenum ( recieves partially digested food from stomach and secretions from gall bladder and pancreas) middle portion is the jejunum, than illium

Question 15

large intestine function

Answer 15

• extends from illium to anus

- absorption of water from undigested materials

Question 16

what are the 3 accessory glands located in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 16

liver, gall bladder and pancreas

Question 17

function of liver

Answer 17

production and secretion of bile

Question 18

what do hepatocytes do?

Answer 18

hepatocytes manufacture bile

Question 19

function of gall bladder

Answer 19

stores bile from the liver

Question 20

function of the pancreas

Answer 20

• secretory cells produce pancreatic juice which contain many digestive enzymes
• contains exocrine glands (98% of this organ) and endocrine glands (2% of this organ- islets of langerhans which release hormones into the blood)

Question 21

peritoneum

Answer 21

serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 22

visceral perioneum

Answer 22

covers the external surface of most digestive organs

Question 23

parietal peritoneum

Answer 23

lines the walls of the abdominal cavity

Question 24

messentaries

Answer 24

several membranes made up of folds pf peritoneum which hold organs in place

Question 25

omentum

Answer 25

a messentary which hangs free in the abdomina cavity or connects organs to eachother

Question 26

the greater omentum

Answer 26

double walled peritoneal sac

Question 27

function of the spleen

Answer 27

removal of aged and defective blood cells

Question 28

mesentary proper

Answer 28

the messentary that connects the different parts of the small intestine together

Question 29

what type of epithelium is the esophagus?

Answer 29

stratified squamus epithelium

Question 30

what type of epithelium makes up the stomach?

Answer 30

simple columnar epithelium
-some of these glands produce mucous, and pesinogen, and HCl
-when stomach is empty, the mucosa lies in large folds called rugae
-

Question 31

whats the purpose of an extra oblique layer in the stomach?

Answer 31

for churning of food

Question 32

what is a gastric ulcer?

Answer 32

localized area of erosion in stomach lining, resulting in ab pain

Question 33

small intestine characteristics

Answer 33

• made of simple columnar epithelium
• has microvilli to increase SA
• has some goblet cells
• villi present

Question 34

large intestine characteristics

Answer 34

• no villi*****

- lots of goblet cells to help lubricate with flow of whats passing through

Question 35

where is salivary amylase produced?

Answer 35

in the salivary glands

Question 36

will benedicts solution +starch + saliva produce precipitate?

Answer 36

benedicts solution tests for sugar
“saliva” breaks down starch into sugar
benedict + starch+ saliva = precipitate - red/green/yellow colour

Question 37

iodine + starch + saliva = ?

Answer 37

yellow- no starch present because saliva broke starch down into sugar

Question 38

iodine + starch

Answer 38

purple-solution turns purple when starches are present. nothing broke the starch down so it went purple

Question 39

what enzyme starts protein digestion?

Answer 39

pepsin (functions best at pH 1.5-2)

HCl present in the stomach makes its pH good for pepsin

Question 40

fibrin + pepsin +HCl = ?

Answer 40

digestion of fibrin has occured. HCl made the right pH level for the pepsin to function at

Question 41

a test tube contains litmus cream+ bile salts + pancreatic lipase. does digestion of fats occured? what colour is it??

Answer 41

digestion has occured since the bile salts emulsified the fat before digestion, while the pancreatic lipase has broken down the fat. Litmus cream changes colour in the presence of acids to pink. the solution also turned pink

Question 42

define automacity

Answer 42

the ability to contract without nervous stimulation

Question 43

rhythmicity

Answer 43

a regular pattern of repeated contractions

Question 44

what does epinephrine do to the digestive system?

Answer 44

slows digestion

Question 45

what does acetylcholine do to the digestive system?

Answer 45

speeds digestion