lab 13 Flashcards
sphygmomanometer
measures arterial blood pressue
- the first sound you hear from this test measures your systolic pressure
-second sound is called diastolic pressue
- your blood pressure is expressed as
systolic/diastolic
define systolic pressure
maximum pressure in the arteries during the ventricular contraction
define diastolic pressure
the minimum pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation
why cant you measure venous blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer?
because venous blood pressure is much lower than arterial blood pressure
what is the valsalva manouver?
- increases intrathoracic pressure
- can be used to demonstrate the effects of throacic pressure changes on venous blood pressure
define term pulse
refers to the expansion and recoiling in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle
what would drinking caffeine do to your pulse rate?
it would increase your pulse rate
what does epinephrine do to the heart?
it increases the heart rate, stimulated by the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system
what does acetylcholine do to the heart?
causes heart rate to decrease and strength of contraction to decrease. it is also part of the parasympathetic nervous system
what is hypertension?
abnormally high blood pressure
why is abnormally high blood pressure bad?
it increases the risk for heart attacks
what is the cardiac conduction system?
a network of specialized cardiac muscle cells that provide a pathway for electrical activity to progress through the heart
define electrocardiography
the measurement and analysis of currents associated with heart activity
define electrocardiogram
the recording of electrical changes of the heart
-composed of a P WAVE, QRS COMPLEX, and a T WAVE
P wave
the upward positive deflection associated with atrial depolarization
- average duration is 0.08 seconds
- amplitude is not greater than 0.3 milivolts
QRS complex
series of negative and positive deflections associated with ventricular depolarization
T wave
positive deflection following the QRS complex representing ventricular repolarization
what is the larynx composed of?
the larynx is composed of 9 pieces of cartilage including the thyroid cartilage
what type of epithelium makes up the trachea?
pseudostratified epithelium
- has cillia to sweep away dust and bacteria
about the trachea:
contains a c shaped band of cartilage made of hyaline cartilage
- has perichondrium, a layer of dense irregular connective tissue
- also has chondrocytes- mature cartilage cells
what type of epithelium is found in the alveoli? whats its function?
-simple squamous epithelium: epithelium for diffusion of respiratory gases
what is inspiration?
the movement of air into the respiration system
what is expiration?
the movement of air out f the respiratory system
what is atmospheric pressure?
the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere at sea level
what is intrapulmonary pressure?
pressure inside the lugs varies between inhalation and exhalation
during inspiration, muscular contraction causes the thorax to _______. this causes a ________ in intrapulmonary pressure.
decrease, decrease.
during normal expiration, the relaxation of muscles causes the thorax to ______. this change causes a _____ to intrapulmonary pressure
increase, increase
what is intrapleural pressue?
pressure in the pleural cavity
what would happen if pressure and atp became equal?
no movement
what is tidal volume?
the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal respiration
- average tidal volume is about 500 mL
- the diaphragm is involved during quiet inspiration
expiratory reserve volume
volume of air that can be forcibly expired after normal expiration
-average volume is about 1000mL
vital capacity
maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs from a maximum inspiration and make a maximal expiration
about 4000mL
-uses your intercostal muscles
inspiratory reserve volume
the volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration
what do the alveoli do?
gas exchange
