lab 16

Question 1

what are the gonads?

Answer 1

reproductive organs that produce gametes and sex hormones

• testes of males
• ovaries of females

Question 2

what is the reproductive role of the male?

Answer 2

to produce sperm cells (spermatozoa) and to deliver these gametes to the female reproductive tract

Question 3

what temperature does sperm production require?

Answer 3

normal sperm production requires a temp 3 degrees lower than core body temp

Question 4

what occurs in the epididymis?

Answer 4

sperm mature and are stored here

Question 5

role of the ductus deferens?

Answer 5

forms the spermatic cord where each testes is suspended within the scrotum

Question 6

what is the funcion of the urethra in males?

Answer 6

serves both the reproductive and urinary systems

Question 7

what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

Answer 7

paired seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbo-urethral glands.
-the secretions of these accessory glands form the semen

Question 8

function of the penis

Answer 8

conducts urine into the exterior and delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

Question 9

what is spermatogenesis?

Answer 9

the process of sperm production, occurs in the seminiferus tubules

Question 10

what are the most immature male sex cells?

Answer 10

spermatogonium, located near basement membrane

- they develop from primordial germ cells in the embryonic testis.

Question 11

when do guys start producing sperm?

Answer 11

puberty- age 10-12
-under the influence of reproductive hormones, spermatogonia begin to divide by mitosis to increase their numbers and some form primary spermatocytes

Question 12

how many sperm cells do 1 spermatocyte give rise to?

Answer 12

1 primary spermatocyte gives rise to 4 sperm cells

• each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to produce 2 haploid secondary spermatocytes which then undergo meiosis 2 to produce 4 haploid spermatids
• spermatids shed their cytoplasm and grow a flagelum to become a full spermatozoa

Question 13

function of leydig cells

Answer 13

secrete testosterone which is necessary for spermatogenesis and the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in the male

Question 14

what is the reproductive role of females?

Answer 14

to produce ova or eggs

-it is in the female reproductive tract that sperm and the ova fuse to form a zygote

Question 15

what are the 2 female sex hormones?

Answer 15

estrogen and progesterone

Question 16

fimbrae

Answer 16

contain cilia that create currents in the peritoneal fluid that propel the ovulated oocyte from the ovary into the uterine tube, where it begins its journey to the uterus

Question 17

what are the layers that make up the uterine tube?

Answer 17

perimetrium, myometrium, and inner endometrium

Question 18

function of myometrium

Answer 18

composes the uterine wall and consists of 3 layers of smooth muscle to produce labor contractions

Question 19

innermost endometrium

Answer 19

2 layers of fuctional tissue that line the uterine avity and the basal layer beneath

• functional layer is made of simple columnar epithelium, has uterine glands in the underlying areolar CT and is highly vascularized
• site of implantation of a fertilized ovum
• when you get your period (not pregnant) the functional layer gets shed while the basal layer stays and regenerates for the next cycle

Question 20

function of the vagina

Answer 20

nonkeratinized stratified epithelium and is a passageway for delivery of a baby
- also recieves penis

Question 21

what type of epithelium covers the ovary?

Answer 21

simple cuboidal epithelium, with a dense connective tissue underneath
-can be divided into 2 regions:
cortex- contains follicles and crpora lutea
medulla- the interior part f the ovary composed mainly of loose connective tissue

Question 22

oogenesis

Answer 22

process of egg production occurs in the ovary

Question 23

process of oogenesis:

Answer 23

oogenesis begins in early fetal development when primordial germ ces turn into oogonia

• oogonia divide mitotically, and some will turn into primary oocytes
• the oocyte becomes surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells and is referred to as a primary follicle
• before birth/ during childhood many of these cells degnerate in a process called atresia

Question 24

what type of epithelium do the primary follicles develop into?

Answer 24

stratefied epithelium of granulosa cells

Question 25

zona pellucida

Answer 25

forms between the oocyte and the granulosa cells

Question 26

antrum

Answer 26

forms in the follicle, fills with fluid

Question 27

function of estrogen

Answer 27

estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in the female

Question 28

once fertilization has occured, the ruptured follicle forms _____?

Answer 28

corpus luteum- a glandular structre with a folded wall of lutuin cells

Question 29

what is the helmet like structure that covers the head of a sperm?

Answer 29

acrosome
-acrosomal enzymes and strong flagellar movements help the sperm penetrate the cells of the corona radiata and contact the zona pellucida

Question 30

morula

Answer 30

at 4th and 5th day post fertilization, the zygote is a solid sphere of cells and is called a morula and passes into the uterus

Question 31

what will the trophblast grow into?

Answer 31

it will form part of the placenta

Question 32

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG

Answer 32

• secreted by the tophoblast
  -stimulates the crpus luteum of the ovary to secrete estrogen and progesterone
  -

Question 33

function of amniotic fluid

Answer 33

-cushions and protects the embryo from trauma and extreme temperatures