lab 16 Flashcards
what are the gonads?
reproductive organs that produce gametes and sex hormones
- testes of males
- ovaries of females
what is the reproductive role of the male?
to produce sperm cells (spermatozoa) and to deliver these gametes to the female reproductive tract
what temperature does sperm production require?
normal sperm production requires a temp 3 degrees lower than core body temp
what occurs in the epididymis?
sperm mature and are stored here
role of the ductus deferens?
forms the spermatic cord where each testes is suspended within the scrotum
what is the funcion of the urethra in males?
serves both the reproductive and urinary systems
what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
paired seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbo-urethral glands.
-the secretions of these accessory glands form the semen
function of the penis
conducts urine into the exterior and delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
what is spermatogenesis?
the process of sperm production, occurs in the seminiferus tubules
what are the most immature male sex cells?
spermatogonium, located near basement membrane
- they develop from primordial germ cells in the embryonic testis.
when do guys start producing sperm?
puberty- age 10-12
-under the influence of reproductive hormones, spermatogonia begin to divide by mitosis to increase their numbers and some form primary spermatocytes
how many sperm cells do 1 spermatocyte give rise to?
1 primary spermatocyte gives rise to 4 sperm cells
- each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to produce 2 haploid secondary spermatocytes which then undergo meiosis 2 to produce 4 haploid spermatids
- spermatids shed their cytoplasm and grow a flagelum to become a full spermatozoa
function of leydig cells
secrete testosterone which is necessary for spermatogenesis and the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in the male
what is the reproductive role of females?
to produce ova or eggs
-it is in the female reproductive tract that sperm and the ova fuse to form a zygote
what are the 2 female sex hormones?
estrogen and progesterone
fimbrae
contain cilia that create currents in the peritoneal fluid that propel the ovulated oocyte from the ovary into the uterine tube, where it begins its journey to the uterus
what are the layers that make up the uterine tube?
perimetrium, myometrium, and inner endometrium
function of myometrium
composes the uterine wall and consists of 3 layers of smooth muscle to produce labor contractions
innermost endometrium
2 layers of fuctional tissue that line the uterine avity and the basal layer beneath
- functional layer is made of simple columnar epithelium, has uterine glands in the underlying areolar CT and is highly vascularized
- site of implantation of a fertilized ovum
- when you get your period (not pregnant) the functional layer gets shed while the basal layer stays and regenerates for the next cycle
function of the vagina
nonkeratinized stratified epithelium and is a passageway for delivery of a baby
- also recieves penis
what type of epithelium covers the ovary?
simple cuboidal epithelium, with a dense connective tissue underneath
-can be divided into 2 regions:
cortex- contains follicles and crpora lutea
medulla- the interior part f the ovary composed mainly of loose connective tissue
oogenesis
process of egg production occurs in the ovary
process of oogenesis:
oogenesis begins in early fetal development when primordial germ ces turn into oogonia
- oogonia divide mitotically, and some will turn into primary oocytes
- the oocyte becomes surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells and is referred to as a primary follicle
- before birth/ during childhood many of these cells degnerate in a process called atresia
what type of epithelium do the primary follicles develop into?
stratefied epithelium of granulosa cells
zona pellucida
forms between the oocyte and the granulosa cells
antrum
forms in the follicle, fills with fluid
function of estrogen
estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in the female
once fertilization has occured, the ruptured follicle forms _____?
corpus luteum- a glandular structre with a folded wall of lutuin cells
what is the helmet like structure that covers the head of a sperm?
acrosome
-acrosomal enzymes and strong flagellar movements help the sperm penetrate the cells of the corona radiata and contact the zona pellucida
morula
at 4th and 5th day post fertilization, the zygote is a solid sphere of cells and is called a morula and passes into the uterus
what will the trophblast grow into?
it will form part of the placenta
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG
- secreted by the tophoblast
-stimulates the crpus luteum of the ovary to secrete estrogen and progesterone
-
function of amniotic fluid
-cushions and protects the embryo from trauma and extreme temperatures
