Lab 8 - Monogastric Digestive System Flashcards
chole-
- Bile
cholecyst-
- Gallbladder
cyst-
- Bladder, sac
dont-
- Teeth
entero-
- Intestines
gastri-
- Stomach
glosso-
- tongue
gust-
-taste
hepa-
- Liver
What are teeth?
- Function in prehension and particle reduction
What is the function of the tongue?
- Prehension, mixing, and taste
What is the function of the salivary glands?
- Secrete mucin, water, bicarbonate, and salivary amylase
What is the function of the esophagus?
- Transports food and drink from the pharynx to the stomach by peristalsis
What is the function of the stomach?
- Storage, mixing, and physical breakdown of food
- initiates digestion of protein
What does the stomach produce?
- Mucous, HCl, pepsinogen, and Intrinsic factor
What is the intrinsic factor?
- Glycoprotein produced by parietal cells that aids in absorption of Vit B12
What enzyme are baby cows born with?
- Rennin (chymosin)
- Curdles milk
What is the function of the esophageal sphincter?
- AKA Cardiac sphincter
- allows entry of food into stomach and prevents regurgitation
What is the function of the Pyloric Sphincter?
- Valve that controls stomach emptying
What is Rugae?
- (ROO gee)
- longitudinal wrinkles inside the stomach that become more prominent as the stomach emptys
What are gastric glands?
- Pits in the stomach lining that contain secretory cells
What are the types of gastric glands?
- Goblet Cells
- G-Cells
- Chief Cells
- Parietal Cells
What is the function of Goblet Cells?
- Secrete mucous
What is the function of G-Cells?
- Secrete the hormone gastrin
What is the function of Chief cells?
- Secrete pepsinogen and rennin
What is the function of Parietal Cells?
- Secrete HCL and intrinsic factor
What is the function of the Greater Omentum?
- Overlays the stomach
- a part of the mesentery
- lace like due to fat deposition
- leukocyte production occurs here
What is the function of the spleen?
- located laterally to the stomach
- largest lymphatic organ
- Removes old and damaged erythrocytes
What is the function of the liver?
- Major metabolic organ
- largest gland
- Maintains levels of nutrients in blood
- Produces and secretes bile, angiotensinogen, and IGF-1
- Makes plasma proteins
-Degrades or neutralizes hormones drugs and toxins - Site for gluconeogensis
What is the function of the Gall Bladder?
- Stores and Excretes Bile
- Under right lobe of the liver
What is the function of the Pancreas?
- Produces digestive enzymes
- trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase and amylase, bicarbonate, insulin and glucagon
What is the function of the small intestines?
- produces enzymes enterokinase, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, maltase, lactase, sucrase, and bicarbonate
Function of the Duodenum
- Shortest part of SI
- receives bile from GB, pancreatic enzymes from pancreas and chyme from stomach
- filled with Brunner’s glands
- Digestion of proteins, carbs, and fat occurs here
What are Brunner’s Glands?
- Produce large amounts of bicarbonate to neutralize highly acidic chyme entering from the stomach
What is the Jejunum?
- Digestion of proteins, carbs and fat
- Absorption of amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids, calcium and iron
The function of the Ileum
- Absorption of bile salts, water, electrolytes, and Vit B12
- Connect to large intestine thru ileocecal valve
What is the Cecum?
- Microbial fermentation of starch and cellulose
- Absorption of fermented products (volatile fatty acids, vitamins and water)
What is the Colon?
-Microbial fermentation of starch and cellulose
- Absorption of fermented products and water
What is the Rectum?
- formation of the characteristic shape of droppings
What is the Anus?
- external opening of digestive tract
