Lab 2 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the meaning of the prefix “hemo-“?
Blood
( ) is the latin prefix for “artery”?
Arteri
What is the meaning of the prefix “vaso-“?
Vessel
What is the sound the heart makes when the Semilunar valve snaps shut?
Dub
Cardiac cells are connected by what?
Intercalated Discs
Veins contain what types of valves?
One-Way Valves
What is systemic circulation?
passage of blood from the hearts left ventricle to an organ and back to the left atrium organs, eye, kidney)
Functions of the circulatory system
- Carry nutrients (amino acids, glucose, fatty acids and O2) to tissues
*Carry waste products from tissues for disposal (urea, NH3 and CO2) - Distribute compounds throughout the body
Lymphatic System
Return extracellular fluid to the veins (disease control)
Pulmonary veins carry what concentration of blood to the heart?
Pulmonary veins carry HIGH oxygen blood from the lungs to the left atrium
What is the meaning of the prefix “-emia”?
Blood
What directions do arteries carry blood?
AWAY from the heart
What are the three layers of an artery?
Tunica Intima - the inner lining, Tunica Media - the middle layer, Tunica Adventitia (extrema) - the outer layer
What is Elastin
protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue
What is Collagen?
Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength; has a triple helical structure
What are the types of arteries?
elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles
What are Elastic Arteries (Large)?
thick walled arteries by the heart and have a high proportion of elastin (aorta and major branches)
What are Muscular Arteries (Distributing) ?
Deliver blood to specific organs ( high proportion of smooth muscle)
What are arterioles?
Smallest arteries with lesser proportions of smooth muscles and elastin
What are Capillaries?
Endothelial Cells that are covered with a basement membrane that functions in the exchange of materials between blood and tissues
Veins carry blood in what direction?
To the heart
What are veins?
Smooth Muscle circularly arranged
Function of the Right Ventricle
recieves blood from the right atrium and transports the blood to the pumonary arteries
semilunar valves
Valves loacted between the ventricles and arteries; prevents back flow of blood leaving the ventricles
Function of the Aorta
carries blood from the left ventricle to the arteries serving all the parts of the body
What is Pulmonary Circulation
Blood circulates from right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium
What is the Hepatic portal System
(liver) transports blood collected from the absorptive areas of the digestive system to the liver then returned to the heart
Blood Circulation Pattern
- Superior or Inferior vena cava
- Right atrium
- Atrioventricular valve
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary valve
- Pulmonary artery
- Capillaries in the lungs
- Pulmonary veins
- Left Atrium
- Mitral Valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aortic semilunar valve
- Aorta
- Organ
- Superior or Inferior Vena Cava
( ) is the latin prefix for “heart”?
Cardi
What is the sound the heart makes when the Atrioventricular valve snaps shut?
Lub
What is the largest artery in the body?
aorta
What is the meaning of the prefix “erythro-“?
Red
What is the meaning of the prefix “leuko-“?
White
What are the types of capillaries?
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids
What are continuous capillaries?
endothelial cells held together by tight junctions (skeletal muscle)
What are fenestrated capillaries?
leaky capillaries with pores that allow for rapid absorption and filtration (kidney and intestines)
What are sinusoidal capillaries?
enothelial cell layer that has numerous larger intercellular gaps and an incomplete basement layer. Allows for exchange of large molecules and materials such as red blood cells
(liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, endocrine glands)
What are the type of veins?
Veins and Venules
What are venules?
Function in the exchange of materials between blood and the tissues at a large diameter
What are Lymph Ducts?
Ducts in the lymphatic system that secretes a clear, yellowish fluid that is similar to blood, but it has no red blood cells or platelets.
Function of the right atrium
to collect deoxygenate blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and moves to the right ventricle
Function of the Pulmonary Artery
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Function of the pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Function of the Left atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps to the left ventricle
Function of the left ventricle
Largest heart chamber.
Pumps blood to the aorta from the left atrium
atrioventricular valves
Located between the atrias and ventricles; prevents blood from flowing from the ventricles back into the atrias
No valves where the vena cava and pulmonary veins enter the heart
Function of the vena cava
Largest vein in the body; Has two parts (superior and inferior)
Function of the superior vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart
Function of the inferior vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart
Function of the Coronary Arteries
Multiple arteries running on both sides of the heart and supply nutrients and O2 to the heart muscle
What is a Portal system
Blood passing from one organ to another organ that is not the heart; passes through two capillary beds in a series
What is the Hypothalamic_hypophyseal Portal System?
Blood from hypothalamus goes to hypophysis (pituitary) before returning to the heart. Carries hormone’s (releasing hormones) from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
