Lab 7 Fungi

Question 1

What’s the fancy name for animal and fungi?

Answer 1

Opisthekonts

Question 2

what are fungi wall s made of?

Answer 2

chitin

Question 3

What are the 3 modes of fungal nutrition?

Answer 3

Saprobes = feed on nonliving, decaying matter
Parasites = get nutrients from host
mutualists = get stuff from host, but benefit the host

Question 4

which fungi are photosynthetic?

Answer 4

NONE

Question 5

how do unicellular fungi reproduce?

Answer 5

budding

Question 6

describe the structure of multicellular fungi

Answer 6

• made of hyphae (filaments)
• interwoven mat of hyphae = mycelium which can be organized (mushrooms) or not (molds)
• hyphae can be septae (with septum dividing cells) or coenocytic (no septum –> faster diffusion, but risky)

Question 7

5 fungi groups covered in class

Answer 7

1. chytridiomycota
2. zygomycota (breadmolds)
3. glomeromycota
4. asomycota
5. basidiomycota (club fungi or mushrooms)

Question 8

Chytridiomycota

Answer 8

• only gp with flagellated cells (for sex) –> this limits them to moist environments
• can only be parasitic or saprobic
• only gp with true alternation of generations
• Asexual reproduction = diploid zoospores in thin walled sporangia germinate into another sporophyte
• Sexual reproduction = haploid spores in thick walled sporangia germinate into gametophytes with gametangia
• sporangia on amphibian skin –> killing them

Question 9

Zygomycota

Answer 9

• zygospore = 2n spore from mating of two n strains –> held in zygosporangium
• sporangiophores = stalked sporangia –> elevated spores above substrate
• nonmotile
• usually terrestrial; sometimes aquatic
• asexual and sexual reproduction (zygotic meiosis)

Question 10

Mycorrhizae

Answer 10

• mutualists with plant roots (gets photosynthates/protection in return for nutrients, water, and protection from bacteria/fungi)
• 80-90% of plants have mutual relationship
• endomycorrhizae = glomeromycota (go into roots)
• ectomycorrhizae = asomycota and basidiomycota (deal with outside of roots)
• orchids are obligate hosts

Question 11

Glomeromycota

Answer 11

• “arbuscular endomycorrhizae”
• Corallorhizae
• hyphae enter individual root cells

Question 12

Asomycota

Answer 12

• macrofungi = make big fruit bodies that disperse haploid spores (truffles, morels, yeast, penecilin, pathogens)
• ascus = sac-like sporangium (holds 8 ascospores n)
• many forms
• extended dikaryotic phase
• hyphae = septate, but Woronin bodies regulate passage of stuff

Question 13

saccharomyces

Answer 13

• bakers yeast
• reproduce asexually by budding
• reproduce sexually with ascospores
• economically important
• most yeasts are dimorphic = both filamentous and yeast-forming phase

Question 14

candida

Answer 14

yeast-forming ascomycota responsible for yeast infections

Question 15

filamentous codidal ascomycetes

Answer 15

• penecilin notatum = green mold found on fruit and cheese
• source of penecilin –> kills G+
• use conida to reproduce asexually
• have conidiophores = branching hyphae segments with conida

Question 16

Basidiomycota

Answer 16

• club fungi / mushrooms
• puffballs, shell fungi, rusts, smuts
• make sexual basidiophores on outside of club-shaped basidia cells
• basidiocarp = larger fruiting body made from mycelium
• basidium = pedastal shaped sporangium, holding 4 spores
• gills/pores increase surface area and hold basidia

Question 17

Lichens

Answer 17

• mutualistic association between mycobiont (fungus) and photosynthate organism (photobiont)
• mycobiont = ascomycete or basidiomycete –> receives photosynthates
• photobiont = cyanobacteria or green algae –> receives protection and liberated nutrients
• asexual reproduction thru soredia (strands of hyphae with photobiont cells at top)

Question 18

Morphotypes of lichen

Answer 18

• crustore = encrusts flat bodies
• foliose = grows on leaf-like shrubs
• fruticose = highly branched