lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

leaf lamina

A

everything branching from stem

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2
Q

sessile vs petiole

A
sessile = no stalk attaching leaf to stem
petiole = attaches leaf to stem
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3
Q

characteristics of true leaves

A
  • complex vasculature
  • leaf gap
  • lateral shoot bud or axillary bud (everything distal to this bud counts as one leaf)
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4
Q

leaf complexity

A

simple vs compound

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5
Q

leaf arrangement

A

pinnate vs palmate

opposite vs alternate

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6
Q

leaf venation

A

parallel vs netted

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7
Q

leaf anatomy top to bottom

A
cuticle with stomata/guard cells
epidermis
palisade mesophyll --> light absorption 
spongy mesophyll --> gas exchange
vascular tissue
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8
Q

mesomorphic plants

A

adapted to moist environments

  • single layer epidermis with thin cuticle
  • epidermis is thicker than hydromorphic
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9
Q

hydromorphic plants

A

adapted to wet environments

  • single layer epidermis
  • no cuticle
  • vast spongy layer for buoyancy
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10
Q

xeromorphic plants

A

adapted to dry environments

-super thick epidermis and cuticle

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11
Q

tricones

A

stuff in stomata that protect from water loss and predation

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12
Q

syringia

A

mesomorphic

lilac

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13
Q

Nymphea

A

hydromorphic
water lily
sclerid cells = lignified for support

stomata only on upper epidermis bc that side’s exposed

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14
Q

nerium

A

xeromorphic

stomatal crypt = creates humid environment to prevent loss of water vapor

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15
Q

Pinus

A

xeromorphic

  • small “leaves” (pine needles) prevent water loss
  • resin ducts carry protective resin substance
  • endodermis around vascular bundles w/ suberin (called casparian strips –> regulate water mvmnt)
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16
Q

3 photosynthetic pathways

A

C3, C4, and CAM

17
Q

2 types of photosynthetic reactions

A

Light Dependant

  • in thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
  • convert solar energy to ATP or NADPH

Light Independent (Calvin Cycle)

  • happens in stroma
  • mesophyll cells (bundle sheath cells)
  • use energy from light dependent rxns to convert CO2 into glucose and other organic stuff
18
Q

Calvin Cycle

A
  1. Carbon fixation
    - CO2 combind=es with RuBP and then splits into 2 3-PGA
    - catalyzed by rubisco
  2. CO2 reduction
    - ATP and NADPH turn 3-PGA into G3P
  3. Regeneration
    - some G3P make glucose, and others are recycled into RuBP
19
Q

how many calvin cycles to make 1 glucose

A

6

20
Q

C3

A
  • most common + energy efficient
  • entire calvin cycle (including C fixation) happens in mesophyll cells

Photorespiration = high heat closes stomata –> decreases CO2 and causes O2 buildup –>Rubisco becomes oxygenase –> results in net loss of carbon

21
Q

C4

A
  • super rare (3%)
  • after primary fixation, makes 4-C PEP –> no tendency to bind to O2
  • PEP carboxylate turns it into oxaloacetate, then maleet
  • maleet is transported to bundle sheath cells
  • Rubisco binds to stockpile of carbon in bundle sheath
  • spatial separation
  • requires more ATP than C3
22
Q

Zea mays

A

C4 plant

-has bulliform cells that make leaves curl up during drought

23
Q

CAM

A
  • suculents/ orchids in dry areas
  • use temporal separation of processes
  • only open stomata at night
  • CO2 is fixed into PEP in mesophyll cells (then oxaloacetate; then maleet)
  • maleet is stored inside mesophyll vacuoles
  • Daytime: CO2 is released and binds with Rubisco for calvin cycle
24
Q

sedum

A

CAM plant

big cells to hold vacuoles