lab 6

Question 1

what is the defining feature of the spermatophyte lineage?

Answer 1

The seed!

Question 2

what does a seed grow into? sporophyte or gametophyte?

Answer 2

sporophyte

Question 3

do gymnosperms and angiosperms have the same seeds?

Answer 3

same function, but different structures

Question 4

how do spermatophytes differ from their closest relatives?

Answer 4

they retain their spores within the diploid sporophyte parent –> germinates into gametophyte

Question 5

who can do heterospory?

Answer 5

just spermatophytes

Question 6

what do microspores develop into?

Answer 6

pollen grains

Question 7

megastrobili

Answer 7

female ovulate cones

Question 8

microstrobili

Answer 8

male cones

-aggregation of many small structures that encase the pollen in microsporangia

Question 9

gymnosperms and angiosperms: flowers/fruits or cones?

Answer 9

gymnosperms = cones
angiosperms = fruit/flowers

Question 10

where do angiosperm seeds live?

Answer 10

mature ovule with nutritous tissue

Question 11

where do gymnosperm seeds live?

Answer 11

they be livin in a pine cone

Question 12

are spermatophytes sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?

Answer 12

spotophyte (same as lycophytes and monilophytes)

Question 13

which evolved first, gymnosperm or angiosperm?

Answer 13

gymnosperm

Question 14

why called “gymnosperms”

Answer 14

gymno = naked

• no ovule to protect seeds
• gametophyte develops on outside of sporophyte on cones

Question 15

how and why do gymnosperms arrange their strobili?

Answer 15

microstrobili are lower and megastrobili are higher to discourage self fertilization

Question 16

microstrobili has microsporophylls which have recepticles called microsporangia which have microsporocytes which divide thru meiosis into microspores which develop into male gametophytes called pollen grains

Answer 16

megastrobili have megasporophylls which have ovules which each have 1 megasporangium which have megasporocytes which divide thru meiosis into megaspores, one of which becomes the megagametophyte

Question 17

describe gymnosperm fertilization

Answer 17

pollen grain go to ovuliferous scales of megastrobilus and then form pollen tube for male gametophyte travel to. gets to female gametophyte through hole in ovule called micropile. male gametophyte releases 2 sperm, one of wich fuses with egg to form zygote

Question 18

which are more diverse: angiosperm or gymnosperm?

Answer 18

angiosperm

Question 19

why called “angiosperm”

Answer 19

angio = vessel/enclosure

-embryo lives in ovary = sporophyte tissue that supports it as it develops into seed

Question 20

what are fruit

Answer 20

mature ovary that carries germinated seeds

Question 21

why flowers?

Answer 21

• house male and female reproductive structures

- bright colors attract pollinators

Question 22

2 types of angiosperms

Answer 22

monocots and dicots

Question 23

double fertilization

Answer 23

• female gamete joins with 2 male gametes to form endosperm which stores nutrients for developing plant embryo
• only in angiosperm

Question 24

how are flowers attached to petal stem

Answer 24

by a peduncle surrounded by whorls of sepals (calyx)

Question 25

whats so special about sepals?

Answer 25

they’re usually photosynthetic

Question 26

perianth

Answer 26

calyx of sepals + corolla or petals

Question 27

androceium

Answer 27

-in flowers

made up of stamen (male reproductive units) made of anther (microsporangium) and filaments

Question 28

gynosium

Answer 28

• in flowers –>
• made of female reproductive units called carpels made of
• sticky stigma where pollen is deposited
• thin style
• ovary containing 1+ ovules which develop into seeds during fertilization

Question 29

special megagametophyte of angiosperms

Answer 29

come back to this