Lab #7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is an antigen

A

proteins that bind to antibodies

these antigens determine persons blood type

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2
Q

what is agglutination

A

occurs when antibodies in the recipients immune system interact with donor erythrocytes
-These antigens that the host doesn’t know cause agglutination so they’re called agglutinogens

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3
Q

what are agglutinins

A

unique to ABO blood groups, presence of preformed IgM class antibodies

  • act against RBCS carrying antigens that aren’t already on their own cells
  • newborns gradually develope
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4
Q

Agglutination is all about

A

how the hosts agglutinins react to the donor agglutinogens

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5
Q

85% of pop has D antigen

A

rH+

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6
Q

Anti-rH antibodies aren’t preformed

A

only made when someone is Rh- and exposed to Rh antigens will make small monomeric IgG class antibodies (major cause of hemolytic disease of the new born)

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7
Q

so whatever antigens you don’t have…

A

you’ll have antibodies for or will be able to make some

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8
Q

antiserum solution

A

mix with blood (a serum contains A antibodies) blood antigens will agglutinate if it has that antigen

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9
Q

what is a transfusion reaction

A

when host antibodies bind to donors antigens

agglutination occurs, systemic immune response to blocker renal tubules, shock, tissue death

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10
Q

what is agglutinogen

A

antigen that stimulates production of an agglutinin

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11
Q

what is a homologous transfusion

A

collect & infuse blood from a donor

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12
Q

what is a autologous transfusion

A

collect blood from pt., put back into same pt.

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13
Q

would you give rh+ to an rh- person?

A

no b/c it will trigger anti-d antibody production…

but it is ok to give rh- to rh +

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14
Q

what is the golden rule of blood donation

A

don’t give donor blood w/ any antigens that the host doesn’t already have (b/c they have antibodies to it & that’ll cause agglutination).
if the donor has it but the host doesn’t = agglutination
if the host has it but the donor doesn’t = good to give

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15
Q

how to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn

A
intrauterine transfusion
steroids
early delivery 
intravenous imunoglobulin
phenobarbital
RhoGAM
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16
Q

functions of the lymphatic system

A

1) remove interstitial fluid from tissues
2) absorb & transport fatty acids & fats
3) transport WBC to & from lymph nodes

17
Q

where are palatine tonsils

A

back of throat on either side of orthopharynx

18
Q

where is the lingual tinsils

A

under the tongue

19
Q

where are the pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils

A

(1) highest- back wall of nasopharynx

20
Q

What is the functions of the spleen

A

removes & stores old wbc
removes abnormal cells - produces & stores wbc
removes pathogens

21
Q

what is red pulp in spleen made of

A

macrophages & RBC

22
Q

what is white pulp made of

A

T cells & B cells

23
Q

where is the thymus & what does it do

A

Mediastinum, T cells mature here under the influence of thymosin

24
Q

what are the lymph nodes & what is the path that the lymph goes through

A

Reticular CT that filters lymph.
Enters through afferent vessel, comical sinuses, sinus of medulla, efferent vessel.
Most in cephalic, inguinal & axillary

25
What does the Right lymph duct drain
the R arm, head & R upper torso
26
what does the thoracic duct drain
everywhere else
27
where do the ducts deliver lymph to
everywhere else drains into these they deliver the lymph to the internal jugular & subclavian veins