Lab #7

Question 1

what is an antigen

Answer 1

proteins that bind to antibodies

these antigens determine persons blood type

Question 2

what is agglutination

Answer 2

occurs when antibodies in the recipients immune system interact with donor erythrocytes
-These antigens that the host doesn’t know cause agglutination so they’re called agglutinogens

Question 3

what are agglutinins

Answer 3

unique to ABO blood groups, presence of preformed IgM class antibodies

• act against RBCS carrying antigens that aren’t already on their own cells
• newborns gradually develope

Question 4

Agglutination is all about

Answer 4

how the hosts agglutinins react to the donor agglutinogens

Question 5

85% of pop has D antigen

Answer 5

rH+

Question 6

Anti-rH antibodies aren’t preformed

Answer 6

only made when someone is Rh- and exposed to Rh antigens will make small monomeric IgG class antibodies (major cause of hemolytic disease of the new born)

Question 7

so whatever antigens you don’t have…

Answer 7

you’ll have antibodies for or will be able to make some

Question 8

antiserum solution

Answer 8

mix with blood (a serum contains A antibodies) blood antigens will agglutinate if it has that antigen

Question 9

what is a transfusion reaction

Answer 9

when host antibodies bind to donors antigens

agglutination occurs, systemic immune response to blocker renal tubules, shock, tissue death

Question 10

what is agglutinogen

Answer 10

antigen that stimulates production of an agglutinin

Question 11

what is a homologous transfusion

Answer 11

collect & infuse blood from a donor

Question 12

what is a autologous transfusion

Answer 12

collect blood from pt., put back into same pt.

Question 13

would you give rh+ to an rh- person?

Answer 13

no b/c it will trigger anti-d antibody production…

but it is ok to give rh- to rh +

Question 14

what is the golden rule of blood donation

Answer 14

don’t give donor blood w/ any antigens that the host doesn’t already have (b/c they have antibodies to it & that’ll cause agglutination).
if the donor has it but the host doesn’t = agglutination
if the host has it but the donor doesn’t = good to give

Question 15

how to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer 15

intrauterine transfusion
steroids
early delivery 
intravenous imunoglobulin
phenobarbital
RhoGAM

Question 16

functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 16

1) remove interstitial fluid from tissues
2) absorb & transport fatty acids & fats
3) transport WBC to & from lymph nodes

Question 17

where are palatine tonsils

Answer 17

back of throat on either side of orthopharynx

Question 18

where is the lingual tinsils

Answer 18

under the tongue

Question 19

where are the pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils

Answer 19

(1) highest- back wall of nasopharynx

Question 20

What is the functions of the spleen

Answer 20

removes & stores old wbc
removes abnormal cells - produces & stores wbc
removes pathogens

Question 21

what is red pulp in spleen made of

Answer 21

macrophages & RBC

Question 22

what is white pulp made of

Answer 22

T cells & B cells

Question 23

where is the thymus & what does it do

Answer 23

Mediastinum, T cells mature here under the influence of thymosin

Question 24

what are the lymph nodes & what is the path that the lymph goes through

Answer 24

Reticular CT that filters lymph.
Enters through afferent vessel, comical sinuses, sinus of medulla, efferent vessel.
Most in cephalic, inguinal & axillary

Question 25

What does the Right lymph duct drain

Answer 25

the R arm, head & R upper torso

Question 26

what does the thoracic duct drain

Answer 26

everywhere else

Question 27

where do the ducts deliver lymph to

Answer 27

everywhere else drains into these they deliver the lymph to the internal jugular & subclavian veins