Lab #7 Flashcards
what is an antigen
proteins that bind to antibodies
these antigens determine persons blood type
what is agglutination
occurs when antibodies in the recipients immune system interact with donor erythrocytes
-These antigens that the host doesn’t know cause agglutination so they’re called agglutinogens
what are agglutinins
unique to ABO blood groups, presence of preformed IgM class antibodies
- act against RBCS carrying antigens that aren’t already on their own cells
- newborns gradually develope
Agglutination is all about
how the hosts agglutinins react to the donor agglutinogens
85% of pop has D antigen
rH+
Anti-rH antibodies aren’t preformed
only made when someone is Rh- and exposed to Rh antigens will make small monomeric IgG class antibodies (major cause of hemolytic disease of the new born)
so whatever antigens you don’t have…
you’ll have antibodies for or will be able to make some
antiserum solution
mix with blood (a serum contains A antibodies) blood antigens will agglutinate if it has that antigen
what is a transfusion reaction
when host antibodies bind to donors antigens
agglutination occurs, systemic immune response to blocker renal tubules, shock, tissue death
what is agglutinogen
antigen that stimulates production of an agglutinin
what is a homologous transfusion
collect & infuse blood from a donor
what is a autologous transfusion
collect blood from pt., put back into same pt.
would you give rh+ to an rh- person?
no b/c it will trigger anti-d antibody production…
but it is ok to give rh- to rh +
what is the golden rule of blood donation
don’t give donor blood w/ any antigens that the host doesn’t already have (b/c they have antibodies to it & that’ll cause agglutination).
if the donor has it but the host doesn’t = agglutination
if the host has it but the donor doesn’t = good to give
how to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn
intrauterine transfusion steroids early delivery intravenous imunoglobulin phenobarbital RhoGAM
functions of the lymphatic system
1) remove interstitial fluid from tissues
2) absorb & transport fatty acids & fats
3) transport WBC to & from lymph nodes
where are palatine tonsils
back of throat on either side of orthopharynx
where is the lingual tinsils
under the tongue
where are the pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils
(1) highest- back wall of nasopharynx
What is the functions of the spleen
removes & stores old wbc
removes abnormal cells - produces & stores wbc
removes pathogens
what is red pulp in spleen made of
macrophages & RBC
what is white pulp made of
T cells & B cells
where is the thymus & what does it do
Mediastinum, T cells mature here under the influence of thymosin
what are the lymph nodes & what is the path that the lymph goes through
Reticular CT that filters lymph.
Enters through afferent vessel, comical sinuses, sinus of medulla, efferent vessel.
Most in cephalic, inguinal & axillary
What does the Right lymph duct drain
the R arm, head & R upper torso
what does the thoracic duct drain
everywhere else
where do the ducts deliver lymph to
everywhere else drains into these they deliver the lymph to the internal jugular & subclavian veins
