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Bio 153 (MIDTERM LAB EXAM) > Lab #4 > Flashcards

Lab #4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What lines the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, passages

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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2
Q

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary

Function: Voice resonance, storage of mucus, lightens skull

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3
Q

What is function of nasal conchae

A

warms, swirls, moistens air

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4
Q

What is the nasal septum made of

A

Ethmoid bone & hyaline cartilage (Separates nasal cavity in halves)

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5
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located

A

Below nasal cavity but above the soft palate.

-Internal nares, auditory tube hole, pharyngeal tonsils soft palate (floor)

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6
Q

Where is orthopharynx located

A

Soft palate to the hyoid bone (both food and air)

-Uvula, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, salivary glands

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7
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located

A

Below the hyoid bone to the esophagus (both food and air)

-Entrance to esophagus, glottis, epiglottis

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8
Q

What cartilage is epiglottis

A

elastic cart.

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9
Q

What cartilages are in the larynx

A
  • Thyroid cartilage(Hyaline)
  • cricoid cartilage (Hyaline)
  • tracheal cartilage (Hyaline)
  • epiglotis (Elastic)
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10
Q

what is in the interior of the larynx

A
  • Vocal folds

- Glottis

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11
Q

Explain the path air will go through

A

Trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchioles - terminal bronchioles - respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli + alveolar sacs

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12
Q

What is bronchoconstriction

A

Tighten smooth muscle of bronchi

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13
Q

what is the hilum of the lung

A

indentation where the bronchi enter the lung

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14
Q

Explain what everything looks on lung slide

A
  • Alveolar duct: bigggg air sac
  • alveolus: tinier air sac
  • Bronchiole: Shrively
  • Blood vessel: Round
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15
Q

what does smokers lung look like

A

black

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16
Q

what does emphysemic lung look like

A

thinned out, less alveoli

17
Q

Where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea

A

posterior

18
Q

Explain the layers of the lungs

A

Parietal pleura: Covers cavity wall (outer)
Serous fluid:in between allows for frictionless movement
Visceral pleura: covers lung itself

19
Q

What does the diaphragm do

A

Change thoracic volume, contracts and draws air into lungs

20
Q

do bronchioles have cartilage

A

no

21
Q

What is Tidal volume (TV)

A

amt of air exchanged in single breath under resting conditions

22
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume

A

additional air that can be inhaled over + above tidal volume

23
Q

what is expiratory reserve volume

A

additional air that can be voluntarily exhaled after a normal respiration

24
Q

What is vital capacity

A

maximum amt of air that can be moved in and out of lungs in a single respiratory cycle

25
Q

What is total lung capacity

A

vital capacity + residual volume

26
Q

What is FEV1

A

Forced expiration volume in 1 second (A percent of vital capacity)

27
Q

What is VR

A

ventilation rate per min

28
Q

What is minute respiratory volume

A

VR times average tidal volume

29
Q

facts about vital capacity

A
  • Males is larger than females
  • increases with height
  • decreases with age
30
Q

How can FEV1 be expressed?

A

as a % of FVC (forced vital capacity)

this would be FEV1%

31
Q

How to get FEV1%

A

FEV1 / FCV (usually around 80%)

32
Q

What would it mean if FEV1% was higher than 80%

A

means the person didn’t exhale all their air

33
Q

What would it mean if FEV1% was lower than 80%

A

may have exhaled too slow

34
Q

Can residual vol. be measured

A

not with spirometry

35
Q

What is dead air space

A

inhaled air that doesn’t take part in exchange (air in bronchioles, bronchi, trachea ect.)

36
Q

What are the 2 conditions that effect FEV1%

A
  • restrictive pulmonary disease

- obstructive pulmonary disease

37
Q

What is restrictive pulmonary disease

A
  • difficulty inhaling
  • inspiratory reserve volume is lower
  • vital capacity is lower
  • caused by: obestiy, neuro issues, scaring, damage to pleural walls
38
Q

What is obstructive pulmonary disease

A
  • difficulty exhale
  • high residual volume
  • asthma, narrowing of airway, emphysema
  • loss of elasticity, COPD
  • decrease vital capacity
  • decreased forced expiratory volume

Bio 153 (MIDTERM LAB EXAM) (6 decks)

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