Lab #4 Flashcards
What lines the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, passages
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary
Function: Voice resonance, storage of mucus, lightens skull
What is function of nasal conchae
warms, swirls, moistens air
What is the nasal septum made of
Ethmoid bone & hyaline cartilage (Separates nasal cavity in halves)
Where is the nasopharynx located
Below nasal cavity but above the soft palate.
-Internal nares, auditory tube hole, pharyngeal tonsils soft palate (floor)
Where is orthopharynx located
Soft palate to the hyoid bone (both food and air)
-Uvula, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, salivary glands
Where is the laryngopharynx located
Below the hyoid bone to the esophagus (both food and air)
-Entrance to esophagus, glottis, epiglottis
What cartilage is epiglottis
elastic cart.
What cartilages are in the larynx
- Thyroid cartilage(Hyaline)
- cricoid cartilage (Hyaline)
- tracheal cartilage (Hyaline)
- epiglotis (Elastic)
what is in the interior of the larynx
- Vocal folds
- Glottis
Explain the path air will go through
Trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchioles - terminal bronchioles - respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli + alveolar sacs
What is bronchoconstriction
Tighten smooth muscle of bronchi
what is the hilum of the lung
indentation where the bronchi enter the lung
Explain what everything looks on lung slide
- Alveolar duct: bigggg air sac
- alveolus: tinier air sac
- Bronchiole: Shrively
- Blood vessel: Round
what does smokers lung look like
black
what does emphysemic lung look like
thinned out, less alveoli
Where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea
posterior
Explain the layers of the lungs
Parietal pleura: Covers cavity wall (outer)
Serous fluid:in between allows for frictionless movement
Visceral pleura: covers lung itself
What does the diaphragm do
Change thoracic volume, contracts and draws air into lungs
do bronchioles have cartilage
no
What is Tidal volume (TV)
amt of air exchanged in single breath under resting conditions
What is inspiratory reserve volume
additional air that can be inhaled over + above tidal volume
what is expiratory reserve volume
additional air that can be voluntarily exhaled after a normal respiration
What is vital capacity
maximum amt of air that can be moved in and out of lungs in a single respiratory cycle
What is total lung capacity
vital capacity + residual volume
What is FEV1
Forced expiration volume in 1 second (A percent of vital capacity)
What is VR
ventilation rate per min
What is minute respiratory volume
VR times average tidal volume
facts about vital capacity
- Males is larger than females
- increases with height
- decreases with age
How can FEV1 be expressed?
as a % of FVC (forced vital capacity)
this would be FEV1%
How to get FEV1%
FEV1 / FCV (usually around 80%)
What would it mean if FEV1% was higher than 80%
means the person didn’t exhale all their air
What would it mean if FEV1% was lower than 80%
may have exhaled too slow
Can residual vol. be measured
not with spirometry
What is dead air space
inhaled air that doesn’t take part in exchange (air in bronchioles, bronchi, trachea ect.)
What are the 2 conditions that effect FEV1%
- restrictive pulmonary disease
- obstructive pulmonary disease
What is restrictive pulmonary disease
- difficulty inhaling
- inspiratory reserve volume is lower
- vital capacity is lower
- caused by: obestiy, neuro issues, scaring, damage to pleural walls
What is obstructive pulmonary disease
- difficulty exhale
- high residual volume
- asthma, narrowing of airway, emphysema
- loss of elasticity, COPD
- decrease vital capacity
- decreased forced expiratory volume
