Lab 6 (Genetic Inheritance) Flashcards
what is genetics?
study of all inherited chromosomes materials and variation among characteristics
what are genes?
small coding pieces of genetic information which are responsible for providing an organism’s characteristics
what is the locus or loci (p)?
point, position, or place
what is inheritance?
source of genetic variation
what does genetic variation allow individuals to carrier?
modified versions of genes which may offer a different or valuable different form of the gene
what is a genotype?
genetic code of an individual. describes the combination of alleles that an individual has for a certain gene
what a phenotype?
physical characteristics
what is Dominant?
Represented by capital letter
what is recessive?
represented by a lower case letter
what do dominant alleles do with recessive alleles?
mask recessive ones every single time
how are recessive alleles expressed?
when it is both alleles of a pair (ex: aa)
what does homozygous mean?
two of the same allele
what does heterozygous mean?
one dominant allele and one recessive allele
what is homozygous dominant?
two dominant alleles
what is homozygous recessive?
two recessive alleles
what is a dominant allele?
gene of allele pair that is expressed when present
what is a recessive allele?
gene of allele pair that expresses ONLY when it is both alleles of pair
how are Punnett squares used?
used to predict the percentage of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross from unknown genotypes
what is the second reason of why Punnett squares are used for?
can also be used to determine a missing genotype based on other genotypes involved in a cross
what are genotypic ratios?
the different allele combinations
what is the phenotypic ration?
physical expression of genes
what is a mono-hybrid cross?
cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest
what is a di-hybrid cross?
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits
what is codominance?
neither allele can the expression of the other allele
what are pedigrees?
use to trace inheritance patterns of traits throughout multiple generations
how are generations labeled on pedigrees?
P generation (1st generation), F1 (offspring from the P generation)
what is autosomal inheritance?
- chromosomes 1-22
- can be dominant or recessive
*affects females and males equally
what sex-linked inheritance?
*Chromosome 23
*typically recessive
*affects one sex more than the other
*most found in the X chromosome
what is autosomal dominant?
genetic trait or condition is passed down from parent to child
what is autosomal recessive?
one copy of mutated gene from each parent
what is X-Linked dominant?
mutations in genes on the X chromosome. single copy is enough to cause disease in both males and females.
what is X-Linked recessive?
mutation on X chromosome
what is a dominant allele?
gene of allele pair that is expressed when present
what is an allele?
alternate form of a gene (trait)
what is an allele?
alternate form of a gene (trait)
what is a dominant allele?
gene of allele pair that is expressed when present
what is an allele?
alternate form of a gene (trait)
what is a dominant allele?
gene of allele pair that is expressed when present
