Lab 6 (Genetic Inheritance)

Question 1

what is genetics?

Answer 1

study of all inherited chromosomes materials and variation among characteristics

Question 2

what are genes?

Answer 2

small coding pieces of genetic information which are responsible for providing an organism’s characteristics

Question 3

what is the locus or loci (p)?

Answer 3

point, position, or place

Question 4

what is inheritance?

Answer 4

source of genetic variation

Question 5

what does genetic variation allow individuals to carrier?

Answer 5

modified versions of genes which may offer a different or valuable different form of the gene

Question 6

what is a genotype?

Answer 6

genetic code of an individual. describes the combination of alleles that an individual has for a certain gene

Question 7

what a phenotype?

Answer 7

physical characteristics

Question 8

what is Dominant?

Answer 8

Represented by capital letter

Question 9

what is recessive?

Answer 9

represented by a lower case letter

Question 10

what do dominant alleles do with recessive alleles?

Answer 10

mask recessive ones every single time

Question 11

how are recessive alleles expressed?

Answer 11

when it is both alleles of a pair (ex: aa)

Question 12

what does homozygous mean?

Answer 12

two of the same allele

Question 13

what does heterozygous mean?

Answer 13

one dominant allele and one recessive allele

Question 14

what is homozygous dominant?

Answer 14

two dominant alleles

Question 15

what is homozygous recessive?

Answer 15

two recessive alleles

Question 16

what is a dominant allele?

Answer 16

gene of allele pair that is expressed when present

Question 17

what is a recessive allele?

Answer 17

gene of allele pair that expresses ONLY when it is both alleles of pair

Question 18

how are Punnett squares used?

Answer 18

used to predict the percentage of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross from unknown genotypes

Question 19

what is the second reason of why Punnett squares are used for?

Answer 19

can also be used to determine a missing genotype based on other genotypes involved in a cross

Question 20

what are genotypic ratios?

Answer 20

the different allele combinations

Question 21

what is the phenotypic ration?

Answer 21

physical expression of genes

Question 22

what is a mono-hybrid cross?

Answer 22

cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest

Question 23

what is a di-hybrid cross?

Answer 23

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Question 24

what is codominance?

Answer 24

neither allele can the expression of the other allele

Question 25

what are pedigrees?

Answer 25

use to trace inheritance patterns of traits throughout multiple generations

Question 26

how are generations labeled on pedigrees?

Answer 26

P generation (1st generation), F1 (offspring from the P generation)

Question 27

what is autosomal inheritance?

Answer 27

• chromosomes 1-22
• can be dominant or recessive
  *affects females and males equally

Question 28

what sex-linked inheritance?

Answer 28

*Chromosome 23
*typically recessive
*affects one sex more than the other
*most found in the X chromosome

Question 29

what is autosomal dominant?

Answer 29

genetic trait or condition is passed down from parent to child

Question 30

what is autosomal recessive?

Answer 30

one copy of mutated gene from each parent

Question 31

what is X-Linked dominant?

Answer 31

mutations in genes on the X chromosome. single copy is enough to cause disease in both males and females.

Question 32

what is X-Linked recessive?

Answer 32

mutation on X chromosome

Question 33

what is a dominant allele?

Answer 33

gene of allele pair that is expressed when present

Question 34

what is an allele?

Answer 34

alternate form of a gene (trait)

Question 35

what is an allele?

Answer 35

alternate form of a gene (trait)

Question 36

what is a dominant allele?

Answer 36

gene of allele pair that is expressed when present

Question 37

what is an allele?

Answer 37

alternate form of a gene (trait)

Question 37

what is a dominant allele?

Answer 37

gene of allele pair that is expressed when present