Lab 4 (DNA) Flashcards
what does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
what is a DNA molecule made up of?
two strands that complement each other
what is a double helix?
a double-stranded molecules that looks much like a long, twisted ladder
what do each nucleotide contain?
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base
what makes up the backbone of a DNA molecule?
phosphate and sugar molecules
how are the bases joined together?
bases are joined together by hydrogen bonds by using complementary base pairing rules
what do cells sue to build proteins?
the genetic code store within DNA
what does the ribose sugar in RNA contain?
an additional oxygen atom compared with DNA
what is RNA?
acts as the messenger carrying instructions from the DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
what is used in place of thymine in RNA?
uracil
where does transcription occur?
nucleus
what occurs during transcription?
mRNA is converted into proteins
where does translation occur?
ribosome in the cytoplasm
what occurs in order to transcribe?
the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is copied to a sequence of nucleotides in mRNA
what is a condon?
a three-base sequence in the mRNA molecule
how many possible codons are there?
64
how many codons correspond to specific amino acids?
61
when are codons in mRNA read?
during translation, beginning with a start codon and continuing until a stop codon is reached
what is DNA?
the set of instructions found inside cells that tell them what do, and when to do it. It is also the genetic material of humans beings and many other organisms
where is DNA house inside a prokaryotes?
coiled up and free floating
where is DNA house in eukaryotes?
nucleus
what are the 4 different nitrogenous bases that make up a DNA molecule?
adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
what are the complementary base pairings?
adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine
what are the functions of DNA?
replicates to be transmitted in to next generation, stores info, undergoes mutation to provide genetic variation, determine the structure and function of cells
where dies genetic code lie?
in the sequence of nucleotides that make up each gene along the DNA molecule
what is the structure of RNA like?
single stranded and contain no complementary strand
what occurs during transcription?
DNA is converted to RNA, synthesis of mRNA from DNA
how is genetic information converted to proteins?
is converted using codon table
what occurs in order to translate?
mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids with the use of genetic code
what do each codon represent?
a specific amino acid
how many STOP codons are there?
3, which signal a poylpetide termination
what does the codon AUG stand for?
stands for the amino acid sequence methionine and signals the beginning of the polypeptide
how are mRNA codons read?
are read from 5’ to 3’
