Lab 4 (DNA)

Question 1

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

what is a DNA molecule made up of?

Answer 2

two strands that complement each other

Question 3

what is a double helix?

Answer 3

a double-stranded molecules that looks much like a long, twisted ladder

Question 4

what do each nucleotide contain?

Answer 4

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 5

what makes up the backbone of a DNA molecule?

Answer 5

phosphate and sugar molecules

Question 6

how are the bases joined together?

Answer 6

bases are joined together by hydrogen bonds by using complementary base pairing rules

Question 7

what do cells sue to build proteins?

Answer 7

the genetic code store within DNA

Question 8

what does the ribose sugar in RNA contain?

Answer 8

an additional oxygen atom compared with DNA

Question 9

what is RNA?

Answer 9

acts as the messenger carrying instructions from the DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins

Question 10

what is used in place of thymine in RNA?

Answer 10

uracil

Question 11

where does transcription occur?

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

what occurs during transcription?

Answer 12

mRNA is converted into proteins

Question 13

where does translation occur?

Answer 13

ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 14

what occurs in order to transcribe?

Answer 14

the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is copied to a sequence of nucleotides in mRNA

Question 15

what is a condon?

Answer 15

a three-base sequence in the mRNA molecule

Question 16

how many possible codons are there?

Answer 16

64

Question 17

how many codons correspond to specific amino acids?

Answer 17

61

Question 18

when are codons in mRNA read?

Answer 18

during translation, beginning with a start codon and continuing until a stop codon is reached

Question 19

what is DNA?

Answer 19

the set of instructions found inside cells that tell them what do, and when to do it. It is also the genetic material of humans beings and many other organisms

Question 20

where is DNA house inside a prokaryotes?

Answer 20

coiled up and free floating

Question 21

where is DNA house in eukaryotes?

Answer 21

nucleus

Question 22

what are the 4 different nitrogenous bases that make up a DNA molecule?

Answer 22

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

Question 23

what are the complementary base pairings?

Answer 23

adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine

Question 24

what are the functions of DNA?

Answer 24

replicates to be transmitted in to next generation, stores info, undergoes mutation to provide genetic variation, determine the structure and function of cells

Question 25

where dies genetic code lie?

Answer 25

in the sequence of nucleotides that make up each gene along the DNA molecule

Question 26

what is the structure of RNA like?

Answer 26

single stranded and contain no complementary strand

Question 27

what occurs during transcription?

Answer 27

DNA is converted to RNA, synthesis of mRNA from DNA

Question 28

how is genetic information converted to proteins?

Answer 28

is converted using codon table

Question 29

what occurs in order to translate?

Answer 29

mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids with the use of genetic code

Question 30

what do each codon represent?

Answer 30

a specific amino acid

Question 31

how many STOP codons are there?

Answer 31

3, which signal a poylpetide termination

Question 32

what does the codon AUG stand for?

Answer 32

stands for the amino acid sequence methionine and signals the beginning of the polypeptide

Question 33

how are mRNA codons read?

Answer 33

are read from 5’ to 3’